The Brief

L.A.’s top homeless services official Va Lecia Adams Kellum engaged in major misconduct, including hiring unqualified friends into powerful positions, trying to destroy public records and behaving inappropriately at a conference, according to two whistleblower claim letters obtained by LAist.

The letters were written by an attorney on behalf of two former L.A. Homeless Services Authority employees who alleged they were wrongfully fired for speaking up against wrongdoing by Adams Kellum. Written claims such as these are a required step before filing a lawsuit against a local government in California.

LAHSA arranged for $800,000 to be paid to the whistleblowers — former chief financial and administrative officer Kristina Dixon and former top IT and data official Emily Vaughn Henry — to settle the claims before they became public lawsuits. The settlement amount is equivalent to what it costs to shelter as many as 40 unhoused people for a year, according to a recent audit’s summary of shelter costs.

Legal experts previously told LAist the agency was violating public records laws by withholding the whistleblowers’ written allegations that led to the payouts. But after continued questioning and two articles by LAist about the experts’ analysis, LAHSA attorneys ultimately reversed themselves and released those letters — with extensive redactions that a public records attorney says are unlawful.

Courts have repeatedly ruled that the public is entitled to know the content of misconduct complaints and investigation findings about senior government officials.

A spokesperson for Adams Kellum’s administration said LAHSA denies the allegations, but said no formal investigations were started into the specific allegations against her. Adams Kellum’s administration has not answered whether they reported the allegations to county auditor-controller investigators — something required for all allegations of abuse of LAHSA’s resources, according to an agreement LAHSA disclosed to LAist.

What the whistleblowers alleged

In the newly disclosed letters, the whistleblowers allege that:

• Adams Kellum pushed out experienced staff to hire unqualified friends and former subordinates from her previous job into high-level, high salary LAHSA roles. 
• One of these hires used their personal cell phone for official communications, in violation of agency policy.
• A LAHSA official repeatedly withheld accurate data about Mayor Karen Bass’ signature homelessness program, Inside Safe, “because [Adams] Kellum did not want Mayor Bass to look bad.” (LAist previously reported that officials withheld Inside Safe transparency reports from the L.A. City Council.) Vaughn Henry’s claim letter says Adams Kellum retaliated against her “for not being willing [to] hide the number of clients being served by Inside Safe.”
• Adams Kellum asked LAHSA’s top IT official to violate record retention laws by deleting two official emails that had been sent to Adam’s Kellum’s LAHSA email account. The whistleblower letter claims this was intended to protect the person who had emailed Adams Kellum. The emails were sent “in violation of the City's communication policies regarding using personal email for official business,” according to the claim. The name of the email sender was blacked out by LAHSA’s attorneys — which a public records attorney says is unlawful. 
• Adams Kellum engaged in “inappropriate and unethical behavior” at a conference in Washington, D.C. Vaughn Henry reported the behavior to human resources around August 2023, according to her claim. Adams Kellum subsequently retaliated against Vaughn Henry for reporting the incident, according to the claim letter. The apparent description of Adams Kellum’s alleged misbehavior at the conference was redacted by LAHSA’s attorneys, which a public records attorney says is unlawful.
• Adams Kellum wanted to spend public money on an open bar at LAHSA’s holiday party and responded angrily when told that would be an improper use of taxpayer dollars and create legal liability for LAHSA. Adams Kellum then allegedly suggested a vendor pay for the alcohol. When told that would be a conflict of interest, Adams Kellum allegedly got angry again.

LAHSA leadership failed to commission a neutral investigation into allegations, in violation of the agency’s own policy, according to one of the letters.

[Click here to read Vaughn Henry’s claim letter, and here for Dixon’s.]

Settlements prevented public lawsuit and witness testimony

The claim letters said that if LAHSA didn’t settle the claims, the former executives would file a public lawsuit and gather extensive supporting evidence and testimony for their allegations, which would become public and potentially affect city and county officials.

“Once litigation is commenced, we intend to take thorough and exhaustive discovery and depose each of the employees, managers, and officers who witnessed, encouraged, condoned, and turned a blind eye to the unlawful acts of the LAHSA, [Adams] Kellum, and elected officials having authority over LAHSA,” the letters state. “There is already a high level of public and media interest in the recent terminations at LAHSA, and a public lawsuit will undoubtedly have far-reaching repercussions for many City and County officials.”

In March, LAHSA’s governing commission authorized $800,000 in settlement payments to resolve the claims and prevent a public lawsuit. The commissioners were not provided copies of the claim letters for their decision on the settlement payments, according to LAHSA.

LAHSA paid $200,000 of the settlements out of city and county general fund money, and the other $600,000 was paid by LAHSA’s insurance provider Chubb, according to the agency.

LAHSA denies the allegations, which weren’t investigated

“The Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority (LAHSA) denied the allegations presented in the letters and resolved these matters with advice of outside counsel and based upon many factors, including business considerations,” the agency said in an emailed statement attributed to Ahmad Chapman, LAHSA’s spokesperson.

“LAHSA does not wish to ‘litigate’ this case in the media and will offer no further comment on this matter,” the statement said.

The allegations were not formally investigated.

“After a diligent search LAHSA has determined that no complaints were filed related to the allegations described, and therefore no formal investigation [was] initiated against Dr. Adams Kellum," said a public records response to LAist from Holly Henderson, risk management director at LAHSA.

Adams Kellum’s administration has not answered a follow up question about why an independent investigation was not conducted into the demand letters' allegations after they were received. They also have not answered whether the allegations against Adams Kellum were previously reported to human resources or risk management director Holly Henderson.

Other local governments have policies to hire an outside law firm or investigator to look into allegations against high-ranking officials — as Orange County did in recent years with high-ranking officials.

Adams Kellum did not respond to multiple requests for comment. She and her administration’s spokespeople declined to answer what LAHSA’s policy is for retaining official emails.

Bass’ office referred LAist’s questions to LAHSA’s attorneys, who have not responded. The questions included whether Bass has used her personal email account to communicate with Adams Kellum about official business.

LAist requested copies of the emails Adams Kellum allegedly wanted deleted. Adams Kellum’s administration did not respond for 11 days, before saying they needed an additional two weeks to answer whether they exist because they need to consult with a separate, unnamed agency interested in the records request.

Dixon and Vaughn Henry declined to comment. Their settlement agreements with LAHSA state that they cannot “volunteer knowingly or maliciously false and disparaging opinions or commentary regarding [LAHSA],” including on social media or responding to news reporters.

The settlement deals also say that LAHSA will “maintain the confidentiality of the terms, conditions, payment amounts, and other aspects of this settlement and Settlement Agreement to the extent permitted by applicable law” — despite settlement agreements being public records under the California Public Records Act.

LAHSA refused to release the records — until LAist kept pushing back

For weeks, LAHSA’s attorneys at the County Counsel’s office refused to release the whistleblower claims that led to the settlement payouts — despite courts repeatedly ruling that those types of records have to be disclosed.

The fact that the claims have been settled — and taxpayer money paid out — makes it even more clear that the public has a right to see them, said David Loy, a leading public records attorney in California and legal director at the First Amendment Coalition.

LAHSA attorneys Dan Kim and Alyssa Skolnick argued that several exemptions allowed the agency to withhold the records, including attorney-client privilege.

But Loy said none of the exemptions apply. For example, attorney-client privilege is about communications between an attorney and their own client — not claims filed by an outside party.

LAHSA’s attorneys then declined to respond to Loy’s point-by-point analysis of why their reasons for withholding the records go against court rulings.

Dan Kim, an attorney with the County Counsel’s office who had declined to release the records, is pictured on a live stream of the LAHSA Commission’s meeting on April 21, 2025.

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LAist has published two articles on LAHSA withholding the records in apparent violation of state law, and is continuing to question top officials about why they were withholding the documents.

LAist escalated the questioning to the county’s top attorney, County Counsel Dawyn Harrison, who oversees the attorneys refusing to release the documents.

Harrison ultimately disclosed the two documents, with redactions.

The redactions, however, are not lawful, Loy said. And most of the court rulings Harrison pointed to for the redactions require public disclosure, according to the summaries she provided of the rulings.

LAHSA’s redactions are unlawful, expert says

The claims ultimately disclosed to LAist have extensive redactions — including the name of Adams Kellum’s former employer, the names of allegedly unqualified LAHSA executives she hired, and the name of officials who allegedly used their personal email account for official business.

Loy said courts have been clear that exemptions which might be applicable in other contexts, including privacy, do not apply to written litigation claims or demands to public agencies.

If a litigation threat or demand is made and the agency settles — in these cases for $800,000 — "the public has the right to know all of the evidence claimed by the claimants to be able to assess for itself, was this a good deal or a bad deal to settle these claims,” Loy told LAist.

He strongly disputed the reasons Harrison cited for the redactions.

“The agency cannot claim attorney-client privilege over a document sent to it by their adversary’s lawyer,” he said. "I’m baffled as to how they can claim attorney-client privilege is implicated in a communication from opposing counsel.”

Harrison has not responded to a follow-up email from LAist explaining Loy’s analysis of the redactions as unlawful and asking for an explanation backing up the redactions.

Praise for Adams Kellum after $800,000 payouts

Bass and her LAHSA Commission appointee, Wendy Greuel, brought Adams Kellum to LAHSA and have been two of her highest profile supporters after a series of controversies. Those controversies include a court-overseen audit finding a lack of accountability for taxpayer dollars during her time overseeing LAHSA, and signing a $2.1 million taxpayer deal to pay a nonprofit that employs her husband as a senior leader, despite laws against conflicts of interest and Adams Kellum previously claiming she recused herself.

Bass and Greuel have spoken highly of Adams Kellum in recent weeks, including after the $800,000 payouts were approved over the misconduct claims with no public indication of an investigation into them.

In honoring Adams Kellum at a LAHSA Commission meeting last month, Greuel said she had asked Adams Kellum to apply for the LAHSA job.

“I think I [followed] you at events to tackle you to say, ‘Would you apply?’ ” Greuel said of Adams Kellum at the April 21 LAHSA Commission meeting. It was the first meeting after Adams Kellum announced she would be leaving in August, after county supervisors voted to pull county funding from LAHSA.

Bass’ family has known Adams Kellum for years. Bass’ daughter, Yvette Lechuga, started working for Adams Kellum at St. Joseph Center during the coronavirus pandemic, according to the L.A. Times.

Adams Kellum was an advisor for the mayor’s transition in late 2022, and early in her administration Bass directed LAHSA to hire Adams Kellum as a $10,000-per-week consultant to the mayor on the Inside Safe program — which Adams Kellum helped design — ahead of Adams Kellum becoming LAHSA’s CEO.

In a statement last month about Adams Kellum’s plan to leave LAHSA, Bass praised Adams Kellum’s “leadership and bold vision.”

‘Perfect shield for political responsibility’

LAHSA’s relationship with elected officials came up at a recent federal court hearing before Judge David O. Carter.

He said the agency has protected elected officials from responsibility in how billions of taxpayer dollars have been spent on homelessness.

Referring to LAHSA, the judge said: “It's a perfect shield for political responsibility.”

Superintendent Alberto Carvalho has resigned as leader of the Los Angeles Unified School District, four months after the FBI searched his home and office.

A district spokesperson confirmed a letter of resignation from Carvalho on Sunday night. The reason for the timing wasn’t immediately clear.

"The Board remains steadfast in its commitment to ensuring stability, continuity, and continued progress through strong leadership," the district said in an overnight statement. "Our focus remains unchanged: providing every student with a high-quality education, supporting our dedicated workforce, and maintaining the trust of the communities we serve."

FBI agents searched Carvalho’s home and office on February 25. A U.S. Department of Justice spokesperson said the agency had a court-authorized warrant, but declined to provide additional details.

Within days of the search, LAUSD’s board voted unanimously to place Carvalho on paid administrative leave “pending investigation” and appoint longtime district administrator Andres Chait as acting superintendent.

The district did not respond to LAist’s questions about whether the “investigation” referenced is federal or internal. The L.A. searches are linked to a search of a Florida home associated with the company LAUSD contracted with to create a short-lived AI tool. Carvalho declared his innocence in a March statement and expressed a desire to return to his job.

What's next?

LAUSD’s superintendent is responsible for crafting a strategy for the education of nearly 400,000 students. The country’s second largest school district is confronting declining enrollment, the likelihood of further job cuts and fewer resources for high-needs schools.

Chait remains acting superintendent, but the board is expected to take up a discussion of the district’s leadership at a meeting this Wednesday. The status of the federal investigation into Carvalho is unclear.

In Carvalho's absence, Chait has been responsible for negotiations with the district's labor unions — ultimately avoiding a massive strike by teachers, principals and staff — as well as a significant reduction-in-force plan. Still, in the past several decades, LAUSD has not chosen an interim superintendent to keep the role permanently.

This is a developing story. Senior editor Ross Brenneman contributed to this story.

Heavy Manners Library, a beloved multipurpose event space on Alvarado Street, is hitting a big milestone. The organization, which hosts classes, music gigs and art exhibits, has outgrown its current location.

Defying the fate that has befallen many small operations in rapidly changing neighborhoods, Heavy Manners is staying in Echo Park.

Yulia Cymbura, head librarian at Heavy Manners Library.

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Book by book

Co-founder Matthew James-Wilson came up with the idea for the space while doing research for a book he wanted to write about the evolution of art in the internet age. During the process, he had an epiphany.

Why write just one book when you can provide access to hundreds of them? Why not start a library that doubles as an art space too?

“ You could imagine a gallery show happening in a library, or you could imagine a poetry reading happening in a library,” said James-Wilson.

An illustration by artist Patrick Kyle.

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Mixed media collages from artist Patrick Kyle's "How To Be Mean" exhibit.

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The name “Heavy Manners,” James-Wilson said, pays homage to a concept in reggae music that goes back to '70s deejay Prince Far I’s album Under Heavy Manners.

“ Sort of in reference to British colonial culture imposing this etiquette, or heavy manners, on Jamaican culture,” said James-Wilson.

Heavy Manners was just a couple of shelves when it opened in 2021, but through donations by artists and community members, its stacks grew.

The library has hosted more than 1,000 events, from drawing and sewing lessons to live music shows.

A room in Heavy Manners Library where events and workshops are held.

Interior of Heavy Manners.

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A small stage where events are held.

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“The space has taught me, as long as you can keep the calendar full and you can get things that people are excited about, people will share it with more people,” James-Wilson said.

Keep the calendar full

Carly Jean Andrews has been teaching nude figure drawing at Heavy Manners since 2023.

“Yeah, you have all the knowledge in the world on the internet, but it's so much more useful to just come here and have it be really literal,” Andrews said.

Carly Jean Andrews and Bijou Karman, instructors at Heavy Manners, posing in front of one of an art show.

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Bijou Karman teaches clothed figure drawing classes and has published zines and books of her fashion drawings through Heavy Manners.

“Today, I was here hand-assembling one of the books, and Carly was very kindly helping me assemble. It's a very community-oriented space where you actually meet people and learn new things,” said Karman.

Bijou Karman's recent art book "Images De Mode" is displayed near the entrance of the library.

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Changes on the block

Heavy Manners has been looking for more room to grow its library and event offerings.

The dream was to stay in the area and keep its relationship to Echo Park, despite the changes to the neighborhood, starting with the very block where Heavy Manners sits.

A book nook with a bench and a view of the outside street.

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The nearly century-old restaurant Taix is being demolished, while Silverlake Flea, which ran out of the French Bistro’s parking lot, has moved to Atwater Village.

“ It's a construction site that may be ongoing for a long time. You can sort of feel the sense of change happening, just on our block in general,” said James-Wilson.

Luckily, James-Wilson saw a nearby building on Sunset within Heavy Manners' budget and went for it. Their new home, about 400 feet away from the current location, is bigger and more wheelchair accessible. It also has an outdoor area that employees want to convert into a garden, or use for nature-oriented workshops.

Its current space won’t sit vacant though; Whammy Analog Media, a VHS video store expanding from a small backroom to a full-fledged shop, will be taking over.

A shelve with analog media available for check out.

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It takes a village

Recently, Heavy Manners put out a call for volunteers to help move its many books and zines in time for a planned mid-July reopening.

A "Free Zine Library" inside the space.

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“Because it's really close by, I'm kinda hoping to have just sort of a parade of people each carrying a box across the street,” said James-Wilson. “It takes a village to foster something like this, that is not lost on me.”

Various "Heavy Manners Library" prints.

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The newest Air Force One jet, gifted to President Donald Trump from the Qatari government, arrived ahead of schedule Friday to Joint Base Andrews in Maryland.

On Friday afternoon, Trump toured the luxury Boeing 747 plane that initially stirred controversy. The plane was one of the biggest foreign gifts ever received by the U.S. government and raised legal and ethical questions after Qatar offered to replace the presidential jet last year. Trump said last May he'd be "stupid" not to accept the offer. Industry groups originally said the plane could be worth approximately $400 million.

Trump also spoke standing in front of the plane, thanking the Emir of Qatar.

The president praised the workmanship of the plane, describing it as the "world's most luxurious plane." He also called it the "largest Air Force One ever built," adding, "It flies further and faster than any Air Force One."

"This plane was transformed into a flying White House at a level of luxury that nobody's ever seen before, probably even almost outside of an airplane," Trump said. "Nobody's ever seen anything like this, and in only 10 months, a timeframe no one thought possible."

The exterior of the jet is no longer light blue, silver and white — a fixture since the Kennedy administration. Trump unveiled the new red, white and blue color scheme.

"It was time for a change. … Everything was designed good. It was my taste," Trump said, saying that he approved the new color scheme, which reflects the American flag.

The VC-25B Bridge aircraft will now undertake its commissioning flights, what the Air Force calls a "final exam" for the plane. The plane was modified after serving the Qatari Head of State.

"Once these flights are successfully completed, the aircraft is officially 'commissioned' into the active executive airlift fleet and becomes available for presidential missions," an Air Force press release said.

The aircraft from Qatar will "serve as a bridge until the [long-term] VC-25B is delivered," according to earlier communications from the Air Force. The plane was delivered well before expectations. The Air Force originally estimated the plane would be delivered in 2028 but said by modifying requirements it could deliver the first aircraft in 2027. The modifications "were carefully crafted to prioritize mission over aesthetics, leaving much of the previous head of state interior layout minimally changed," the Air Force said.

Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Ken Wilsbach praised the delivery.

"Many thought it could not be done, but the United States Air Force was able to execute and provide a secure, reliable airborne command post on an accelerated timeline," he said.

Vice President JD Vance has delayed his trip to Switzerland to negotiate the terms of a peace agreement with Iran on Friday.

It's unclear exactly why the talks were called off at the last minute, with hundreds of journalists already waiting in the alpine city of Lucerne.

But the delay raises questions over the sturdiness of the memorandum of understanding to end the war, signed by President Donald Trump on Wednesday.

It came as Israel continued to heavily bombard Lebanon, despite the agreement promising to end all military operations, including in Lebanon.

Lebanese media said at least 18 were killed in overnight strikes, and Israel said four of its soldiers had been killed in fighting in southern Lebanon.

Here are more details about the agreement and challenges they face in this latest effort to end the conflict:

US lifts naval blockade

There was immediate progress after the preliminary agreement to end the three-and-half month conflict that has killed thousands of people across the Middle East, rocked the global economy and pushed millions more into poverty around the world, according to the United Nations.

The United States lifted its naval blockade on Iran.

The short memorandum of understanding also promises to end military operations on all fronts and reopen the Strait of Hormuz, the crucial waterway through which much of the world's oil, gas and fertilizer must pass to reach global markets.

The agreement prompted President Trump to celebrate on Truth Social writing: "Ships of the World, start your engines. Let the oil flow!"

But there are still many potential pitfalls. Even before the agreement was signed, Trump made its fragility clear: "It's a memorandum of understanding," he said at the G7 summit in France. "If I don't like it, if they don't behave, we'll go right back to dropping bombs right smack in the middle of their head."

The document doesn't solve the underlying reason for why the United States and Israel went to war with Iran. It creates a 60-day window — extendable by mutual agreement — for the two sides to resolve the enmity that goes back many decades.

Israel remains defiant against the deal

The preliminary agreement promises to end all military operations, including in Lebanon. Israel has invaded and taken large swaths of southern Lebanon in an offensive it says is targeting the Iranian-backed militia Hezbollah, which has killed more than 3,800 people, according to Lebanon's Health Ministry.

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi has made clear that Iran considers Israel's withdrawal from southern Lebanon essential. "Without the withdrawal of Israeli forces from the territories they occupied during this war, the war has not fully come to an end," Araghchi said.

Israel wasn't involved in the negotiations with Iran — though Trump said at a press conference this week that he had sent Israel a copy of the document before he signed it. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has remained defiant, saying his troops will remain in southern Lebanon for as long as Israel's security requires it.

The conflict in Lebanon is causing an extraordinarily open rift between Trump and Netanyahu. "He's a very difficult guy," Trump said of the Israeli prime minister recently said to The New York Times.

On Thursday, Israel's military released a new map ⁠showing an expanded area of southern Lebanon occupied by its troops, which it describes as a buffer zone.

"Trump's agreement does not bind us," Israel's far-right national security minister, Itamar Ben-Gvir, wrote on social media on Monday. "We are not partners to this agreement that does not ensure our security."

Vice President Vance hit back at critics in the Israeli government, warning at a press conference that "Donald J. Trump is the only head of state in the entire world who is sympathetic to the nation of Israel at this moment in time."

Trump signed the deal to avoid 'economic catastrophe'

The agreement promises "the immediate and permanent termination of military operations on all fronts" — including in Lebanon, where Israel has continued its offensive. Iran and the United States also promise "not to initiate" any further war or operation against each other. Not long after Trump signed the memorandum, U.S. Central Command said Thursday it had ended its naval blockade of ships to and from Iranian ports, as promised in the agreement.

Iranian state media reported the country's national security council will suspend tolls paid by ships for 60 days, per the deal, but that ships must still request Iran's permission — through a newly established Persian Gulf Strait Authority, before passing through the Strait of Hormuz, which was once considered an international waterway.

Increased ship traffic through the strait will come as a relief to Trump, whose approval ratings have been sliding as Americans see soaring gasoline prices and spiking inflation. Last month Trump insisted he doesn't think about Americans' financial situation in his approach to Iran.

But this week he acknowledged at a news conference that he had signed this agreement because he "didn't want to see an economic catastrophe."

The memorandum gives major concessions to Iran

Trump has repeatedly called the Iran nuclear deal — formally known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) — presided over by President Barack Obama in 2015 the "worst deal ever," and Trump abandoned the agreement in his first term in office. But the framework agreement signed this week hands major financial concessions to Iran that could ultimately go much further than the Obama-era arrangement.

The document says the U.S. will work with regional partners to create a fund of "at least $300 billion" for Iran's reconstruction and economic development. Vice President Vance has said Gulf Arab nations would invest that amount.

It also promises that the U.S. will unfreeze Iranian funds and assets that amount potentially to tens of billions of dollars. Mohsen Rezaei, military adviser to Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei, told CNN Iran wants to see the release of $24 billion.

These commitments do depend on further negotiations. But the Trump administration also plans to issue sanction waivers to allow Iran to immediately sell its oil. The waiver concedes a major point of potential leverage at the start of these 60-day talks.

And the interim deal also opens the door to ending all U.S. and international sanctions on Iran. Iran has been under a plethora of U.S. sanctions since the 1979 Revolution. The penalties have kept Iran cut off from the global economy, preventing it, for example, from accessing the international banking sector. This new pledge goes far beyond the JCPOA deal, which removed some sanctions in exchange for Iran reducing its stockpile of uranium.

The negotiation over Iran's nuclear program

President Trump has boasted he will achieve a much "better" agreement than the JCPOA. The substantive talks on this are yet to begin, but so far, the commitment Iran has made in the memorandum that it "shall not procure or develop nuclear weapons" is the same promise it has made for years, including in the 2015 nuclear accord.

The details of Iran's nuclear program are complex and technical. The JCPOA was negotiated over years by the U.S., U.K., France, Germany, Russia and China, with nuclear physicists and non-proliferation experts, and ran to 159 pages. Trump's framework was negotiated bilaterally by Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner — a property developer and the president's son-in-law. An Iranian diplomat who spoke to NPR on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly told NPR they believed the last round of talks with the Trump administration did not progress because "the Americans at the table did not understand the subject."

The U.S. had been negotiating with Iran over its nuclear program before abruptly launching the bombing campaign with Israel on Tehran that began this war on Feb. 28. For this latest round of talks, Witkoff and Kushner visited the national lab in Oak Ridge, Tenn., earlier this month for consultations with a team of technical experts that could play a role in nuclear negotiations with Iran.

Has Iran come out of the war stronger?

Trump began the conflict promising to set conditions for regime change in Iran. "I say tonight that the hour of your freedom is at hand," he told Iranians in a televised address on Feb. 28. "When we are finished, take over your government. It will be yours to take."

It was a nightmare scenario for the Iranian regime, to face down the bombardment from two of the world's most powerful militaries. The war killed more than 3,300 Iranians, according to state media, including top leaders, and pounded the country's infrastructure and armed forces. But the regime's survival, and its ability to target U.S. assets in the region and control the Strait of Hormuz, empowered Iran.

The country has learned "that threatening the Strait of Hormuz works," Bill Cassidy, Republican senator from Louisiana, said in a blistering attack on the Trump administration. He called the offensive against Iran "the worst foreign policy blunder in decades."

Iran's response forced the Trump administration to set aside the goal of regime change to focus on seeking a way to reopen the vital strait.

"The only 'achievement' of the ceasefire is the likely reopening of the Strait of Hormuz — which was open before the war started. And we will apparently pay Iran to do so," Antony Blinken, who was secretary of state under former President Joe Biden, posted on X.

Trump has countered critics by saying on social media that anyone who thinks he hasn't "been tough enough on Iran," when the stock market is high and oil prices are falling, is either jealous, bad or stupid. And Vance called on critics to "have a little bit of faith in the president of the United States."

But in a hard accounting of the war, the facts are undeniable: Iran's closure of the Strait of Hormuz gave it the leverage to secure from Trump concessions that unlock vast sums of money — even more, potentially, than under Obama.

And regarding Iran's nuclear program, the Iranians so far appear not to have offered Trump any more concessions than they did at the Geneva talks two days before the U.S. and Israel launched their offensive in February.

Now new negotiations are set to begin, and the Iranians will be coming to the table having shown Trump, and the world, the power they can wield over the global economy.