The Brief

The death rate for unhoused Angelenos remained relatively flat in 2023, and experts point to increased availability of anti-overdose medication being a potential factor, according to a report released Thursday by the L.A. County Department of Public Health.

The mortality rate rose just 1% in 2023, the most recent year for which data is available. That’s about 2,500 deaths of unhoused people in Los Angeles County that year, 45% of which were caused by drug overdoses.

On average, nearly seven people experiencing homelessness died each day in L.A. County in 2023.

In 2022, there were 2,374 unhoused deaths in L.A. County.

In previous years, there had been steep increases in deaths of unhoused people — a 56% increase between 2019 and 2021 — driven largely by a rapid rise in fentanyl overdoses. Since then, there have been efforts to make naloxone, a drug that can reverse the effects of opioid overdose, more widely available in libraries, jails and other spaces.

This year’s report credits expanded distribution of naloxone, known by the brand name Narcan, as likely helping prevent further dramatic increases. But drug-related deaths are still a major concern.

“Despite the continued plateau in drug-related overdoses among people experiencing homelessness, we are still facing the worst overdose crisis in history,” said Dr. Gary Tsai, director of county Public Health’s Bureau of Substance Abuse Prevention and Control, at a Thursday morning news conference.

Drug overdoses remain the leading cause of death for the region's unhoused population, and the drug overdose mortality rate among homeless Angelenos is nearly three times higher than it was in 2019.
Fentanyl was involved in 70% of drug-related fatalities in 2023, the report states, compared with 68% the previous year.

Coronary heart disease was the second leading cause of death, increasing significantly in 2023. Transportation-related injuries remained the third leading cause, with an unhoused pedestrian or cyclist dying about every other day.

The deadliest locations for unhoused Angelenos included downtown/Skid Row and Westlake/MacArthur Park, according to geographic analysis.

Reaction from county leaders

County government leaders appeared to be encouraged by some the findings in the report. Some said a plateau in the mortality rate is evidence that investments in housing and treatment for unhoused people were working.

Supervisor Hilda Solis said in a statement that she is well aware of the need for safe housing, mental health services and substance-use programs. Her district includes Skid Row and MacArthur Park.

“While it’s encouraging to see the overdose deaths and other major causes of death start to level off, we can’t stop here,” Solis said.

Supervisor Janice Hahn seems to agree.

"Getting people out of encampments and into shelters saves lives, and we should double down on harm reduction and preventing overdoses,” she said.

The Public Health Department offered more than a dozen recommendations for reducing homeless mortality in L.A. County, including expanding housing options for people who use drugs, increasing harm reduction services, improving access to cardiac care and collaborating with cities to curb traffic deaths.

By the numbers

Between 2013 and 2023, L.A. County’s homeless population nearly doubled to more than 75,000 people. In that time, the number of deaths of unhoused people increased every year, as did the overall mortality rate for the unhoused population.

That means as L.A. County’s unhoused population has grown, it also became even deadlier to experience homelessness in the region.

Overall, unhoused residents died at 4.5 times the rate of the general population in 2023. Their rate of drug overdose mortality was 49 times higher, and their rate of transportation-related death was 20 times higher.

Causes of Death

The top five causes of death have consistently been drug overdose, coronary heart disease, transportation-related injury, homicide and suicide, except in 2020 and 2021 at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2023, those five causes made up 75% of all deaths among people experiencing homelessness in the region, according to L.A. County’s Department of Public Health.

1. Drug overdose

Drug and alcohol overdoses have been the leading cause of death since 2017, according to county data. The overdose mortality rate spiked dramatically between 2019 and 2022, before leveling off in 2023. Methamphetamine overdoses were the biggest cause of overdose death, followed by fentanyl.

“I think it's so important that we don't allow this data to let us become complacent,” said Trevor Lee, medical director of the harm reduction division at L.A. County’s Department of Health Services. “We are still in the midst of the worst overdose crisis in history, which is disproportionately affecting people experiencing homelessness.”

Health officials say increased distribution of naloxone, as well as other harm reduction, overdose prevention and substance use treatment services helped reduce the number of overdose deaths related to fentanyl and other opioids. In 2020, L.A. County service providers handed out 48,000 doses of naloxone. Last year, it was nearly 480,000 doses.

Still, the risk of fentanyl overdoses remains high among unhoused Angelenos who use drugs. The percentage of overdose deaths involving fentanyl increased to 70% in 2023, from 13% in 2018. That was similar to the previous year.

“It's so important that we interpret these results by identifying what's working and then doubling down on those efforts so that we can actually begin to see a decrease in deaths, because the plateau is not not good enough,” Lee said.

Methamphetamine was involved in 79% of overdose deaths. Most overdose deaths involve more than one drug, and more than half involved both fentanyl and methamphetamine in 2023, according to county officials. Cocaine was involved in 15% of overdose deaths, and heroin in 5%.

2. Coronary heart disease 

The second leading cause of death among L.A.’s unhoused population continues to be coronary heart disease, which accounted for 14% of deaths in 2023. The rate for this cause of death rose 22% between 2022 and 2023 — the largest increase recorded by L.A. County health officials since 2016.

The rate was nearly six times greater among unhoused L.A. County residents than in L.A. County generally.

Previous reports have pointed out that unhoused people in L.A. die from coronary heart disease at much younger ages than people who are housed. In 2022, the average age at death from coronary heart disease among the unhoused was 64, compared to 78 for all L.A. County residents.

3. Transportation-related deaths

In 2023, an unhoused pedestrian or cyclist was killed by a moving vehicle approximately every other day in L.A. County. But homeless Angelenos were 20 times more likely to die from transportation-related injuries than L.A. County residents overall.

People experiencing homelessness are more vulnerable to traffic deaths because they're more likely to live near roadways, according to the report. Transportation-related injury remained the third leading cause of death among all unhoused L.A. County residents and the second leading cause among unhoused women.

Traffic-related injuries caused 8% of all unhoused deaths in L.A. County in 2023, and the mortality rate associated with these deaths increased 50% compared with 2019.

County health officials recorded 347 traffic-related unhoused fatalities in 2022 and 2023. They found that the deaths were not concentrated in any specific location but spread out across L.A. County.

In 2023, 14% of all fatal traffic accidents reported to police involved unhoused victims, according to LAPD data.

4. Homicide

Homicide was the fourth leading cause of death among unhoused people in L.A. County in 2023. That year, 120 unhoused people were killed at the hands of another, a 25% decrease in the homicide mortality rate from a year earlier.

Unhoused Angelenos were 16 times more likely to die by homicide than the general population.

5. Suicide

The suicide rate among L.A.’s homeless population has remained relatively stable over time. Unhoused residents are eight times more likely to die by suicide than Angelenos in general.

Suicide rates have been consistently higher among younger people experiencing homelessness and among white and Latino people experiencing homelessness.

Recommendations

The L.A. County Department of Public Health had several recommendations to slow the mortality rate among unhoused people in the region.

They include:

• Ensure rapid access to housing and shelter.
• Expand harm reduction and overdose prevention outreach for residents at highest risk for overdose.
• Ensure that physical health, mental health and substance use treatment services are available and responsive to the needs of unhoused Angelenos.
• Work with municipalities and unincorporated communities to reduce traffic deaths among L.A. County residents experiencing homelessness.

Read the full report here.

When Los Angeles officials were considering renaming a major Eastside thoroughfare to honor labor rights icon César Chávez in 1993, one 20-year-old resident said she appreciated what he’d done for Latinos — but she hoped the city would find a memorial somewhere else.

“Brooklyn Avenue is Boyle Heights,” Zorina Castanon told the LA Times at the time. “You just can’t change that.”

The city and L.A. County did go on to rename Brooklyn Avenue, as well as stretches of Macy Street and Sunset Boulevard that ran from downtown Los Angeles through Boyle Heights to East L.A., to César E. Chávez Avenue. Today, businesses along the commercial corridor in Boyle Heights bear Chávez’s name, and murals honor his legacy as an emblematic figure of the Chicano Movement.

But for some locals and advocates, the name never sat right. They pointed to Brooklyn Avenue’s place in their family memories, its association with the area’s Jewish history and Chávez’s complicated legacy. Then came Wednesday’s explosive New York Times investigation, in which farmworker leader Dolores Huerta and other women accused Chávez of sexually assaulting them in the 1960s and '70s. 

Now, the calls to revert to Brooklyn Avenue or “La Brooklyn,” or give the street another name entirely, are growing. Among those calling for a name change are LA County Supervisor Hilda Solis, who said in a statement she will be introducing a motion directing “an exploration of renaming parks, streets, County facilities, real property, monuments, and other County programs that bear the name of César Chávez.” 

L.A. City Councilwoman Ysabel Jurado also issued a statement Wednesday, calling for the “renaming of all public locations and events that bear his name, as we prioritize accountability and stand with those who have been harmed.”

When Los Angeles officials were considering renaming a major Eastside thoroughfare to honor labor rights icon César Chávez in 1993, one 20-year-old resident said she appreciated what he’d done for Latinos — but she hoped the city would find a memorial somewhere else.

For years, residents like Vivian Escalante have been advocating to change the name back, not only to preserve the street’s history and its significance in Boyle Heights but also to give credit to the Filipino farmworkers who initiated the historic 1965 Delano grape strike for which the United Farm Workers and Chávez are widely known. 

Escalante is the CEO of Boyle Heights Community Partners, the local historical society, and treasurer for the Boyle Heights Neighborhood Council. A Boyle Heights native, Escalante told Boyle Heights Beat that she recalls the opposition from residents when Brooklyn Avenue was to be renamed following Chávez’s death in 1993. Residents felt that the name change erased the era when Boyle Heights was known for its large Jewish population. 

“Many people on Brooklyn Avenue that have been here for decades want Brooklyn Avenue to come back,” Escalante said.

For years, Escalante has worked to advocate for the name to be reverted back and for others to learn the true history of the farmworker strikes. In 2024, Boyle Heights Community Partners went door-to-door to businesses and residents along César E. Chávez Avenue from Cummings Street to Forest Avenue and surveyed 75 residents, who mostly agreed with reverting it back, she said. 

Chávez “was not the leader of the farmworkers but took credit for it,” she said, referring to organizer Larry Itliong’s success in getting Filipino farm workers in Delano to strike before bringing in Chávez and Mexican workers. “Therefore, why would we change the name to César Chávez, instead of honoring the Filipino gentleman that actually started the whole farmworker strike?” she said.

When Los Angeles officials were considering renaming a major Eastside thoroughfare to honor labor rights icon César Chávez in 1993, one 20-year-old resident said she appreciated what he’d done for Latinos — but she hoped the city would find a memorial somewhere else.

After finding out about the abuse allegations against Chávez on Wednesday, Escalante said she will reignite the organization’s calls to change the name back and honor the community’s cultural history by forming a committee dedicated to “bringing back Brooklyn Avenue.”

Others are suggesting the iconic avenue be renamed after Huerta, who co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (which later became the United Farm Workers) alongside Chavéz in 1962 and became one of the most prominent labor rights leaders of the 20th century. 

Leaders with California Rising held a press conference Wednesday, calling for the street to be named Dolores Huerta Avenue. Meanwhile, artist Susana Sanchez created an illustration depicting a construction worker in a Dodgers cap, hoisted above a streetlight, replacing César E. Chávez signage with a Dolores C. Huerta placard. 

“I am heartbroken,” Sanchez said in her caption. “I stand with Dolores Huerta and every single woman who has had to carry their trauma all this time in silence.

“It’s heavy. Please do not ask why she didn’t speak up sooner. I hope all cities replace his name with hers.”

Amid these calls, Caroline Luce, a director of the UCLA Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, pointed to public records showing that changing the street name was not simply about Chávez’s contributions but about the broader Chicano and farmworker movements.

Long before Chávez’s death, Boyle Heights and East LA served as the epicenter of the Chicano civil rights movement with the student walkouts, the anti-war movement in the ‘70s “and the energy coming from the farmworker struggle,” Luce said.

“The guiding sentiment … was to honor that heritage as much as it was to honor the man himself,” Luce said.

Brooklyn Avenue officially became Cesar E. Chavez Avenue on March 31, 1994, Chávez’s birthday. The dedication ceremony took place at the well-known five-point intersection of East César E. Chávez Avenue and Lorena and Indiana Streets, where Boyle Heights and East L.A. meet. 

Championed by then-County Supervisor Gloria Molina shortly after Chávez’s death in April 1993, the change was approved by the Board of Supervisors in October 1993, followed by a unanimous vote in the L.A. City Council one day later. 

Leading up to the name change, hundreds expressed strong opposition to it, saying that choosing to rename Brooklyn Avenue in Boyle Heights “would be wiping away the memories of the many Jews who lived there years ago and of the many Latinos who connect with the busy commercial strip today,” according to the LA Times. 

“It’s important that we recognize a leader like César Chávez, who preached nonviolence and raised the whole nation’s conscience dealing with farmworkers,” said Robert Alaniz, Molina’s spokesman in the LA Times article. “Change is never easy, and some people don’t cope well with change.”

One thing you can be sure of in L.A. is that there’s never an excuse to stay home. Just this week, both the L.A. Phil and the Geffen Playhouse announced their new seasons, and there’s tons of great music and theater on the way this fall — and we haven’t even gotten to summer yet!

Even with Dudamel leaving us for NYC (and don’t worry, there are still many chances to see the maestro before then), the L.A. Phil has a lot of special shows on tap, including an evening with Andrew Bird and a tribute to Philip Glass. The Geffen has two plays coming straight from Broadway, including Branden Jacob-Jenkins' Purpose, directed by Phylicia Rashad, and Bess Wohl’s Liberation. Plan accordingly!

More imminently, your music picks for this weekend from Licorice Pizza include Peso Pluma at the Intuit Dome, Conan Gray at the Forum, Ashnikko with Princess Nokia at Shrine Expo Hall, Jeff Tweedy at the Belasco, Inara George at Largo and Peaches bringing her debauchery and sex-positivity to the Bellwether — all on Friday, though Peaches will be effing the pain away on Saturday, too.

Saturday’s a big night, with Jeff Tweedy playing a second show at the United Theater, Maggie Lindemann at the Regent, Spiritual Cramp at the Teragram, Paul van Dyk at Avalon and Yeasayer’s Anand Wilder at Townhouse Venice. If you’re feeling nostalgic, there’s the "I Love The 90s Tour" with Vanilla Ice, DJ Jazzy Jeff, Milli Vanilli, Tone Loc, Color Me Badd and Young MC at Great Park Live. Finally, end your weekend on Sunday with the "Boys 4 Life Tour" at the Forum, Hawthorne Heights at the Belasco or local punk icons Redd Kross at Alex’s Bar.

Elsewhere on LAist, learn where to order your latte with a side of feminist history, read about a queer Latin dance studio and score a ticket for next weekend’s Marketplace Live with Kai Ryssdal.

Events

Ukrainian Egg-Decorating Festival

Sunday, March 22, 12 p.m. to 5 p.m.
Ukrainian Cultural Center
4315 Melrose Ave., East Hollywood
COST: FREE; MORE INFO 

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Courtesy Ukrainian Art Center

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Trust me, your supermarket egg dyes have nothing on the intricate designs of Ukrainian Easter eggs. Learn about the historic tradition of pysanka and try out the craft for yourself at the Ukrainian Cultural Center’s Pysanka (Egg-Decorating) Festival. There’s also folk dancing, singing and delicious Ukrainian food and drink.

Innovation Social

Friday, March 20, 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. 
Music Center Plaza
135 N. Grand Ave., Downtown L.A. 
COST: FREE; MORE INFO 

Learn more about the L.A. art and tech scene by mingling with the people making it happen at the next Innovation Social on Music Center Plaza. While there, check out the latest from Iranian multimedia artist Armon Naeini’s The Music Center Presents ID Pt. III, which uses motion tracking to generate responsive visuals that shift and change as you move.

Venice Love Fest 

Saturday, March 21, 11 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Windward Ave. and Ocean Front Walk, Venice
COST: FREE; MORE INFO 

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Courtesy Create Entertainment

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Venice is the place to be this weekend for the annual Venice Love Fest, which moves to its rightful beachside location this year. It’s going to be hot, and the music is going to be rocking, with some of my favorites (including the Midnight Cowgirls) taking the Love Fest stage. Best of all, it’s free. Plus, Passion Pit is playing a free set at the Rivian space at 7 p.m., and the Venice Heritage Museum is reopening in its new location on the same day. Wander over to 1234 Pacific Ave. to check it out on your way to or from.

Jacob Jonas: Keeping Score

Through Sunday, March 22
Broad Stage
1310 11th St., Santa Monica 
COST: FROM $35; MORE INFO

Innovative artist, dancer and choreographer (and Santa Monica native) Jacob Jonas brings a trilogy about illness and resilience to the Broad Stage for a series of unique performances across three days. Jonas, a Stage 4 cancer survivor, has taken his journey onto the stage, creating a visceral piece that “intersects contemporary dance, performance art, musical composition, and theatrical storytelling to explore how early life trauma, illness, and resilience are encoded in the body.” Inspired by The Body Keeps the Score by Bessel van der Kolk, the work — which includes a combination of dance, film, binaural sound, meditation and conversation — looks at the before, during and after of illness.

VinylCon

Saturday and Sunday, March 21 and 22
California Market Center
110 E. Ninth St., Downtown Los Angeles
COST: FROM $8.75; MORE INFO 

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Vinyl-heads, this is for you. Head to California Market Center for "the largest record fair in California that anyone can remember," complete with a DJ lineup that includes The Gaslamp Killer and DJ Nu-Mark, plus more rare and vintage vinyl than you can possibly get away with bringing home.

Annual Vegan Chili Cook-Off

Saturday, March 21, 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. 
Tony’s Darts Away
1710 W Magnolia Blvd., Burbank 
COST: FREE; MORE INFO 

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Enjoy chili and craft beer at the vegan chili cookoff, where favorite spots like Highland Park Brewery and Ogopogo Brewery will compete for the crown at Tony’s Darts Away in Burbank. Your entry ticket includes five servings of vegan chili, so come hungry. Plus, you’ll get to cast your vote for the People's Choice Award!

66th Annual Swallows Day Parade

Saturday, March 21, 11 a.m. 
Downtown San Juan Capistrano
COST: FREE; MORE INFO 

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Courtesy San Juan Capistrano Fiesta Association

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The Swallows — Las Golondrinas — make their way back to California from Argentina like clockwork every March, and San Juan Capistrano is ready. This year’s Swallows Day Parade includes equestrian units, historical reenactors and community groups celebrating the heritage of the historic Orange County town.

Art Jam 

Sunday, March 22, 12 p.m. to 8 p.m. 
Boomtown Brewery 
700 Jackson St., Downtown L.A. 
COST: FREE; MORE INFO

Maybe the next Linda Lindas will be discovered at this year’s Art Jam, an all-ages youth arts and music event at Boomtown Brewery with a teen battle of the bands, live car painting, hands-on art workshops, a photo show, art vendors and more — all benefiting Mount of Angels and their free art programs for L.A. youth.

Sake tasting 

Friday, March 20, 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. 
The Gamble House 
4 Westmoreland Place, Pasadena 
COST: $50; MORE INFO 

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Zaji Kanamajina

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It’s sakura season in Japan, but you can celebrate without hopping a plane to Tokyo at this sip and learn event at Gamble House. Coinciding with the exhibit From Strand to Sculpture: Contemporary Japanese Basketry, the event includes a lecture from Asian art historian and former Curator of East Asian Art at Pacific Asia Museum Meher McArthur about the 2,000 year-old tradition of sake-making in Japan and the art that evolved around it, followed by a guided sampling.

The conversation around the cultural relevance of ballet and opera — sparked by Oscar-nominated actor Timothée Chalamet’s recent dismissive comments about the art forms — came to a culmination at the Academy Awards on Sunday, with a joke about the backlash from host Conan O’Brien and a performance by celebrated ballet dancer Misty Copeland.

While the Copeland appearance was planned before Chalamet’s remarks went viral, the fact that a ballet dancer (one raised in SoCal, we should note!) took center stage on Hollywood’s biggest night seemed to fly in the face of Chalamet’s assertion that ballet, as opposed to movies, is something “no one cares about [...] anymore.”

It got us here at LAist wondering about the state of ballet in Los Angeles, so we reached out to leaders of ballet companies who explained what sets the ballet scene in Los Angeles apart, and where it stands in terms of cultural relevance right now.

‘His remarks come from a place of insight’

Maybe surprisingly, neither Julia Rivera, executive director of Los Angeles Ballet, nor Lincoln Jones, founder, choreographer and director of American Contemporary Ballet, took offense to Chalmet’s remarks.

Rivera told LAist that while  ”it's not very neighborly of one artist to bash the other's art form,” once she learned that Chalamet’s grandmother, mother and sister studied ballet and performed with the New York City Ballet, she had more understanding for where he may have been coming from.

“I think his remarks come from a place of insight,” she said. Because he probably heard conversations “lamenting [how] we're always trying to fund these organizations.”

“It is a daily struggle,” Rivera said. And “for a young person, wanting to have a career,” it’s understandable that they may not want to be involved in a nonprofit industry where funding is always a challenge.

‘Like watching ballet in IMAX’

Jones, who co-founded American Contemporary Ballet in L.A. 15 years ago, said Chalamet’s remarks were relatable.

“What I understood him to be saying was that he wanted to be part of an art form that was central to the cultural conversation,” Jones told LAist. “And I actually agree with that. When I was choosing what to do artistically myself, I actually struggled with that a lot.”

While Jones said he was enthralled by ballet from a young age, his brother made a career shooting cover photos for magazines like Vanity Fair and Rolling Stone and later directing film and TV. And he saw the appeal in that as an artist.

“You want a big audience, you want to have people understand what you're doing in a visceral and vital way,” he said. “But  I just couldn't get myself away from ballet. I just loved it so much. And so my big thing became ‘How do I do this in a way that is culturally relevant?’”

That’s led Jones to a unique, more modern approach to ballet that’s designed to be more cinematic, and at the same time more intimate.

Much of what sets American Contemporary Ballet apart from other ballet companies is that they always perform with live music and in unconventional spaces, like warehouses and soundstages, instead of in theaters.

 ”So it's not like you're sitting in this room where there's darkened chandeliers, and you're looking through a frame, which feels a bit 19th century to me,” Jones said. “Instead, it's sort of like, for lack of a better term, like watching ballet in IMAX. The dancers are larger compared to where you are, you're in this shared space and it just feels much more majestic to me.”

The pros and cons of staging ballet in L.A.

As for the state of ballet in Los Angeles, Rivera described it as “appreciated, valued and growing.” The company received its first seven-figure gift from a donor just last season.

“Audiences are very interested,” Rivera said. “The more ballet that is offered in L.A., the more audiences want. That is very good news.”

But she said there are also some challenges for a ballet company that are specific to Los Angeles:  ”We are a company town and the company is screened entertainment. But the arts also compete with theme parks and sporting teams and the weather and things that have significantly larger budgets.”

Navigating that “and finding ways for the voices to break through some of that noise,” Rivera said, “is really tricky. It can be done, but it's a challenge.”

Lincoln Jones agreed that running a ballet company in Los Angeles does have its challenges, but said he also saw a unique benefit to founding his ballet company in L.A.

While Jones first incorporated American Contemporary Ballet in New York, he’s originally from Southern California, and every time he would come home he felt “there was an energy and an openness [here], and a lot of that came from the film industry.”

And his view is that ballet has the potential to be just as exciting as popular films can be.

“When I was growing up, people were lining up to see the second Matrix, the first Matrix blew their mind. And now, ‘Oh my God. We have to see what happens in the second one.’ And that doesn't happen in ballet, but that is absolutely what I'm striving for.”

Los Angeles Ballet has also had some fun with the firestorm Chalamet’s remarks ignited, offering a ticket promotion with the code “SUPREME,” a reference to Marty Supreme, the film the actor earned an Oscar nomination for this year.

So far, Chalamet’s comments seem to be having a positive effect.

Rivera, who’s been with the company for 11 out of its 20-year history, said they’ve seen an uptick in ticket sales and donations in recent weeks.  

“Any time we can talk about opera and ballet is a good day,” Rivera (who also previously worked with L.A. Opera) told LAist. “I'm sorry that it's at one artist's expense, but he opened the door.”

Where to see ballet in L.A.

The next Los Angeles Ballet performances (of Giselle) begin April 30.

The Music Center is hosting the New York City ballet in June.

American Contemporary Ballet has remaining performances of Balanchine: Twin Masterpieces running this Thursday, Friday and Saturday and next Thursday through Saturday as well.

“ I guarantee you've never seen ballet like this,” Jones said. “And if Timothée Chalamet wants to come, I will get him a ticket.”

Big Bear’s famous bald eagles — Jackie and Shadow — are often in the spotlight, but they’re not the only wild bird nests in Southern California starring in their own livestreams and capturing human attention.

There are dozens of bald eagles with more than 20 nests across the Channel Islands, clinging to cliffs and tree-like bushes from Santa Catalina to Santa Cruz off the coast of Ventura.

Among them are Jak and Audacity, the resident duo on Santa Cruz Island whose nest is featured in a livestream and followed by dedicated viewers.

“Before Jackie and Shadow, there was Jak and Audacity,” according to the Institute for Wildlife Studies. “Before Jak and Audacity was Chase and Cholyn.”

Several decades ago, there were no bald eagles left in Southern California, according to the institute.

But after years of work by the Northern California-based nonprofit, the population has returned to its historic coastal habitat and grown to an estimated 60 birds across five islands.

“Here's this great success story of nature coming back, and it's happening, you know, really close to one of the biggest metropolitan areas in the world,” said Brian Hudgens, vice president of the Institute for Wildlife Studies.

Lay of the land

According to the institute, the Channel Islands eagle population is stable and could grow. As many as 25 eaglets fledge, or leave their respective nests, each year.

But challenges linger for Southern California’s only remaining coastal population of bald eagles. Some pairs continue to have failed nests.

Jak and Audacity have struggled to produce fledglings “not even half” of the years they've tried to breed in their Sauces Canyon territory, according to Hudgens.

Other Channel Islands nests successfully lay eggs and raise chicks almost every year.

“The challenges that they face is this variation from territory to territory and how good they are, and it's one of those things that we don't yet understand,” Hudgens said. “One of the reasons why we want to keep doing this is we're trying to figure out what's causing some birds to do really well, and other birds to not do as well.”

Bringing the birds back

Bald eagles used to be found on all eight Channel Islands, but the population dwindled and eventually disappeared by 1960, according to the Institute for Wildlife Studies.

The damage was driven by long-term exposure to high levels of DDT, a once-popular synthetic pesticide.

DDT and chemicals were dumped in the ocean basins off the coast of Los Angeles starting around the 1940s. Thousands of pounds may have been dumped until 1972, when new environmental regulations were passed by Congress, according to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego.

The U.S. banned DDT in 1972, largely because of its environmental effects and toxicity to wildlife. For bald eagles specifically, DDT poisoned the birds and caused egg shell thinning that resulted in many failed nesting attempts, according to the state Department of Fish and Wildlife.

That’s where the Institute for Wildlife Studies comes in. In 1980, the nonprofit took on its first project — reintroducing bald eagles to Catalina Island by relocating wild birds from Pacific Northwest nests.

The first eggs from those early breeding pairs were laid on Catalina Island in 1987, but they broke soon after.

“They had problems with their eggshells still being very thin because these birds are now feeding in the waters that are contaminated by DDT,” Hudgens said, adding that the eggs had some of the highest levels of DDT on record.

To help the reintroduced Catalina Island population, wildlife biologists removed the fragile eggs from eagles affected by DDT and replaced them with decoy eggs so the adults would continue to incubate.

The real eggs were then artificially incubated in special chambers, Hudgens said. The chicks that hatched were fostered back into nests on the island, as were chicks from wild eagles and those from the San Francisco Zoo’s Avian Conservation Center.

Peter Sharpe of the Institute for Wildlife Studies places a 2-week-old bald eagle chick in a nest on Catalina Island as part of the Bald Eagle Recovery Program via helicoptering to cliffs.

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Annie Wells

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Dozens more juvenile bald eagles were released to Channel Islands National Park, and by 2006, some of the birds started hatching eggs on their own. It marked the first known natural nest hatching on Santa Cruz Island since 1950, according to the institute.

“So we stopped going in and interfering because the idea is always to do as little as we need to,” Hudgens said. “Ever since then, they've been hatching well and [the] population has been growing quite steadily.”

SoCal’s ‘unique’ coastal habitat

The Channel Islands are now home to 60 bald eagles and nearly two dozen breeding pairs, according to 2022 estimates from the Institute for Wildlife Studies.

Institute for Wildlife Studies biologists work on banding a bald eagle on Santa Cruz Island in Channel Islands National Park in July 2004.

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A biologist with the Institute for Wildlife Studies carries a juvenile bald eagle to a hack tower on Santa Cruz Island in 2005.

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Stephen Osman

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Erin Weiner, the nonprofit’s eagle project lead, told LAist the islands’ largely undisturbed coastal habitat is "pretty unique," especially for California.

Rather than sticking to tall trees as seen in Big Bear or Alaska, a lot of the Catalina eagles nest on cliffs, using sticks to shield from the sheer drops, Weiner said. On Santa Rosa, some of the birds build their nests in bushes.

“On the islands, you get a lot of, like, gigantism,” Weiner said. “So, things that are bushy and small on the mainland become tree-like on islands, and so you have eagles nesting in these tree-like bushes.”

As part of the organization’s efforts to study the Channel Islands eagle population, Weiner hikes around all the known historic territories during breeding season to research the adults, eggs and chicks.

Trail cameras are set-up to keep track of the nests when humans aren’t around. Weiner occasionally has to repel down cliffs to maintain the equipment when the birds are no longer breeding.

There are also livestream cameras on a few nests through a partnership with Explore, featuring eagle pairs like Chase and Cholyn in Two Harbors or Andor and Cruz in Fraser Point.

Cruz was the first known chick to hatch naturally on the Channel Islands in decades, but Jak and Audacity in Sauces Canyon are probably the most famous pair right now, Hudgens said.

“I really appreciate the people who spend the time to watch those birds, and often they're telling us what's going on before we have any idea,” he said with a laugh.

The bald eagle population has spread to other islands in the area, including Santa Rosa and Anacapa. Some have flown as far as British Columbia, while others are setting up territories in places like Anaheim Hills in Orange County, Weiner said.

A bald eagle arrives with a fish to feed two chicks in north Orange County in 2023. The tag indicates it's part of the Institute for Wildlife Studies project to rebuild the bald eagle population on the Channel Islands, was hatched in 2013 at Santa Rosa Island and given the name La'i.

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Allen J. Schaben

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Getty Images

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