The Brief

A key federal vaccine advisory panel whose members were recently replaced by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is expected to vote to recommend delaying, until age 4, the hepatitis B vaccine that's currently given to newborns, according to two former senior officials at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

"There is going to likely be a discussion about hepatitis B vaccine, very specifically trying to dislodge the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine and to push it later in life," said Demetre Daskalakis, the former director for the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. "Apparently this is a priority of the Secretary's."

The vote is expected to take place Thursday during the next meeting of the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, or ACIP. The meeting is scheduled for September 18-19 at a CDC office in Atlanta, Georgia.

For more than 30 years, the CDC has advised that infants get the first of three shots of the hepatitis B vaccine at birth. In that time, the potentially fatal disease has been virtually eradicated among American children. Between 1990 and 2022, case rates plummeted 99 percent among people age 19 and younger.

Pediatricians warn that waiting until age 4 to begin vaccination opens the door to more children contracting the virus.

"Age four makes zero sense," said pediatrician Eric Ball, who practices in Orange County, California. "We recommend a universal approach to prevent those cases where a test might be incorrect or a mother might have unknowingly contracted hepatitis. It's really the best way to keep our entire population healthy."

In addition to the hepatitis B vaccine, the panel will also discuss and vote on recommendations for the combined measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, and COVID vaccines.

Pediatricians worry changes to the schedules of these vaccines will limit access for many families, because ACIP's recommendations generally determine whether insurance plans and federal programs pay for the vaccines.

Typically, ACIP would undertake an analysis of the data before recommending a change to vaccine guidelines. As of the end of August, this process had not begun for the hepatitis B vaccines, Daskalakis and another former official said.

"This is an atypical situation. There's been no work group to discuss it," Daskalakis said.

The second former official spoke to NPR and KFF Health News on condition of anonymity.

In an email, a Health and Human Services spokesman, Andrew Nixon, wrote, "ACIP exists to ensure that vaccine policy is guided by the best available evidence and open scientific deliberation. Any updates to recommendations will be made transparently with gold standard science."

The draft agenda for the upcoming ACIP meeting was released to the public Sunday, only a few days before the meetings are scheduled to begin.

At the last ACIP meeting in June, chairman Martin Kulldorff, one of the new members handpicked by Kennedy, questioned the need to vaccinate every newborn, citing only two of the many ways the virus can spread.

Dr. Martin Kulldorff speaks during a June 25 meeting of the Advisory Committee in Immunization Practices at the CDC in Atlanta.

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Kulldorff is a former Harvard Medical School professor who became known for opposing some public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.

"Unless the mother is hepatitis B positive, an argument could be made to delay the vaccine for this infection, which is primarily spread by sexual activity and intravenous drug use," Kulldorff said.

The infection requires direct exposure to infected bodily fluids like blood and semen. The disease has no cure and can lead to serious conditions like cirrhosis and liver cancer later in life. The CDC advisory panel may maintain the recommendation to inoculate newborns whose mothers are considered at high risk of the disease, the former officials said.

Protection from birth

In 1991, federal health officials determined it was advisable for newborns to receive their first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth, which blocks the virus from taking hold if transmitted during delivery.

While parents may opt out of the shots, many daycare centers and school districts require proof of hepatitis B vaccination for enrollment.

The prospect of altering the recommendation has left some people living with the virus deeply unsettled.

"I am goddamn frustrated," said Wendy Lo, 52, who lives in the San Francisco Bay area. Lo says she has probably had hepatitis B since birth. Years of navigating the psychological, monetary, medical and social aspects of chronic hepatitis B has impacted almost every aspect of her life.

"I would not want anyone to have to experience that if it can be prevented," she said.

Lo only learned she had the disease due to a routine screening in order to study abroad in college as a young adult.

Lo credits the vaccines with protecting all the members of her close family from infection.

"I shared with my partner, 'if you get vaccinated, we can be together,'" she said. He got the vaccine, which protects him from infection, "so I'm grateful for that," she said.

The CDC estimates half of people with hepatitis B do not know they are infected. It can range from an acute, mild infection to a chronic infection, often with few or no symptoms.

Most people with chronic hepatitis B were born outside of the U.S. Asians and Pacific Islanders, followed by Black people, have the highest rates of newly reported chronic infections.

When her children were born, Lo was adamant that they receive the newborn dose, a decision she says prevented them from contracting the virus.

The earlier an infection occurs, the worse the lifetime consequences, according to the CDC. When contracted in infancy or early childhood, hepatitis B is far more likely to become a chronic infection, silently damaging the liver over decades.

Those who become chronic carriers can also unknowingly spread the virus to others and face an increased risk of long-term complications including cirrhosis and liver cancer, which may not become evident until much later in life.

Treatments like the antivirals Lo now takes weren't available until the 1990s. Decades of the virus replicating unchecked damaged her liver. Every six months she gets scared of what her blood tests may reveal.

"Now I'm in my 50s, one of my big concerns is liver cancer. The vaccine is safe and effective, it's life-saving, and it protects you against cancer. How many vaccines do that?" Lo said.

Thirty years of universal vaccination

After a vaccine was approved in the 1980s, public health officials initially focused vaccination efforts on so-called "high-risk" adults.

"I, and every other doctor, had been trained in medical school to think of hepatitis B as an infection you acquired as an adult. It was the pimps, the prostitutes, the prisoners, and the healthcare practitioners who got hepatitis B infection. But we've learned so much more," said William Schaffner, professor of infectious diseases at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and a former voting member of ACIP.

As hepatitis B rates remained stubbornly high in the 1980s, scientists realized an entire vulnerable group was missing from the vaccination regime – newborns. The virus is often spread from an infected mother to baby in late pregnancy or during birth.

"We may soon hear 'let's just do a blood test on all pregnant women.' We tried that. That doesn't work perfectly either," Shaffner said.

Some doctors didn't test, he said, and some pregnant women falsely tested negative, while others acquired hepatitis B later in pregnancy, after they had already been tested. In 1991, Schaffner was a liaison member to the ACIP group that voted to recommend universal vaccination for hepatitis B before an infant leaves the hospital.

"We want no babies infected. Therefore, we'll just vaccinate every mom and every baby at birth. Problem solved. It has been brilliantly successful in virtually eliminating hepatitis B in children," he said.

In 1990, there were 3.03 cases of hepatitis B per 100,000 in those 19 years old and under in the U.S., according to the CDC.

Since the federal recommendation to vaccinate all infants, cases have dramatically decreased. CDC data shows that in 2022, the rate of cases among those ages 19 was less than 0.1 per 100,000.

While hepatitis B is often associated with high-risk behaviors such as injected drug use or multiple sexual partners, health experts caution that it is possible for the virus to be transmitted in ordinary situations, especially among young children.

The virus can survive for up to seven days outside the body. During that time, even microscopic traces of infected blood on a school desk or playground equipment can pose a risk.

If the virus comes into contact with an open wound or the mucous membranes of the eyes, an infection can occur. This means that unvaccinated children who are not considered "high risk" can still be exposed in everyday environments.

Future access uncertain

If the CDC significantly alters its recommendation, health insurers would no longer be required to cover the cost of the shot if given before the new recommended age. That could leave parents to pay out of pocket for a vaccine that has long been provided at no charge.

Children who get immunizations through the federal Vaccines for Children program would lose free access to the shot as soon as any new ACIP recommendations get approved by the acting CDC director.

The two former CDC officials said that plans were underway to push back the official recommendation for the vaccine as of August, when they both left the agency, but may have changed.

Schaffner is still a liaison member of ACIP, and hopes to express his support for universal newborn vaccination at the next meeting.

"The liaisons have now been excluded from the vaccine work groups. They are still permitted to attend the full meetings," he said.

He intends to speak up if he can, because he's worried about the next generation of babies and the doctors who care for them.

"We'll see cases of hepatitis B once again occur. We'll see transmission into the next generation," he said. "And the next generation of people who wear white coats will have to deal with hepatitis B, when we could have cut it off at the pass."

This story was produced in partnership with KFF Health News, a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs of KFF.

NPR Health Correspondent Will Stone contributed to this story. Copyright 2025 KFF Health News

The U.S. is easing its restrictions on Iran's World Cup team, allowing the squad to travel into the country two days before its next match, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security said Tuesday.

The team will still be required to leave after Friday's match in Seattle, a department spokesperson said. A spokesperson for the Iran Football Federation confirmed that the team will leave its base camp in Tijuana, Mexico, on Wednesday for Seattle.

"This was planned on our end," Andrew Giuliani, the executive director of the White House FIFA Task Force, told The Associated Press. "We were going to look at how the first two movements went, and if they went smoothly, we would extend the extra day in light of the longer travel time."

The policy change was first reported by NBC News and comes as officials from both countries negotiate over how to end the war in Iran.

Iran's squad has complained about the travel restrictions levied on the team, and the challenges it has faced since the outbreak of war. Iran in March sought to move its group-stage matches to Mexico, with which it has diplomatic ties. Its request to move its base camp from Tucson, Arizona, to Tijuana was granted two weeks before the team's arrival. Several team officials and members of the support staff have been barred from traveling into the U.S. with the team.

For the first two matches, near Los Angeles, the team was not permitted to travel until the day before. Iran coach Amir Ghalenoei repeatedly said that restriction disadvantaged the team, especially when it had less than 24 hours on the ground before its noon match Sunday.

"Right now we need recovery more than anything," Ghalenoei said through an interpreter after the 0-0 draw against Belgium. "The conditions have been extremely hard for us."

It's not uncommon for teams to travel a day before the match, and it's in line with FIFA regulations, which state that "each team shall travel from its team base camp to the match venue one day before matchday (MD‑1) and in exceptional cases on MD‑2, and shall return to their team base camp after the match (on MD/MD+1)."

But Iran had asked for more time to acclimate to host cities and recover after matches, especially for the 1,200-mile (1,930-kilometer) trip to Seattle. The team is scheduled to train on Thursday at the University of Washington.

"We don't ask for much. We just ask for the same procedure as for all the other 47 teams," Iran captain Alireza Jahanbakhsh said Sunday. "Hopefully we can bring everyone who is involved and help us with us."

The Iran team has also said it experienced difficulties entering and exiting the U.S. each time it made the 127-mile (204-kilometer) flight between Tijuana and Los Angeles. The typically short trip took five hours the day before its first match against New Zealand, team captain Mehdi Taremi said.

Hours before Sunday's match against Belgium, U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin told Fox News the Iranians had "tried to get somebody in yesterday" who had direct ties to Iran's Revolutionary Guard. In a statement, the soccer federation vociferously pushed back, calling the claim "an outright and undeniable lie."

Iran's players and coaches have mostly steered clear of outright commentary on the war. "We are here for football, not politics," Ghalenoei said Saturday. But the team hasn't shied from highlighting the victims of a deadly missile strike on an elementary school at the start of the war in the Middle East, likely launched by the U.S.

Players wore gold-colored pins with the number "168" on their jackets when they disembarked in Mexico on June 7, referencing the number of people killed in the attack, mostly young girls. They left a goodbye note in the locker room at SoFi Stadium in Inglewood, California, after their match Sunday, calling for peace "among all nations" and with the hashtags #168 and #minab, the school's name.

At Iran's last training session Tuesday in Tijuana before departing for Seattle, four small flags had been stuck into the turf, each bearing the number 168.

It's unclear whether Iran's upcoming opponent, Egypt, will also be allowed to arrive in Seattle two days early. After its 3-1 victory against New Zealand in Vancouver Sunday, Egypt asked to fly directly to Seattle. FIFA denied that request, citing a lack of security resources to accommodate the last-minute demand. Egypt returned to its base camp in Spokane, Washington, a 45-minute flight from Seattle.

Egypt's national team did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Copyright 2026 NPR

A crowd clad in green jerseys took over the street in Boyle Heights last Thursday to watch Mexico battle it out with South Korea in a World Cup showdown made for Los Angeles.

The block party on 1st Street at Mariachi Plaza watched Mexico win its second game of the tournament 1-0. But nearby, a fire that sparked at a massive frozen warehouse run by Lineage Logistics was in its second day of burning.

A week later, as Mexico prepares to play its third match against the Czech Republic Wednesday night, the fire's not fully out. Questions about air quality and public health in the communities closest to the warehouse remain. The disaster is complicating an otherwise jovial time in Boyle Heights, a predominantly Latino neighborhood that's gone all out for the World Cup.

"The community loves the World Cup," said Anthony Correa, who works at the Boyle Heights Arts Conservatory on Cesar Chavez Boulevard. "So it's really awkward to have this fire because everyone wants to be outside, the safest thing in the immediate area is to be inside."

Boyle Heights has hosted a World Cup watch parties to celebrate Mexico as it plays in the global tournament.

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Last week's block party seems to have avoided the worst of the smoke, despite taking place just a day after authorities issued a shelter-in-place order for the area around the warehouse. Alissa Walker, who writes the Torched newsletter about L.A.'s mega-events, attended and described a "fine" air quality index and no smoky smell.

"But on Friday, the shelter in place order was reissued," Walker wrote. "The ominous cloud was back."

The on-again, off-again smoke and bad air carried into this week. On Tuesday morning, Cesar Chavez and 1st Streets were quiet and hazy. Street vendors and storefronts were selling Mexico jerseys.

Outside Boyle Heights City Hall, residents lined up for assistance at tents set up by Councilmember Ysabel Jurado's office. That morning, Jurado had addressed the City Council, saying her constituents needed more information to determine what outdoor activities were safe. Experts say air quality indexes measure the concentration of particulate matter in the air, but not what exact toxins are in them.

" They deserve to know what risks remain, and they deserve clear information they can understand and use to make decisions for themselves and their families," she said.

At Brooklyn Avenue Pizza in Boyle Heights, bartender Rodrigo Luna said the restaurant had been forced to close its outdoor area due to the smoke. The empty patio on the sidewalk was draped in national flags from around the world, but had no tables or chairs. Still, he said, there was a big crowd inside for the Mexico game last week.

Crowds packed a block party near Mariachi Plaza to watch Mexico defeat South Korea one day after the fire sparked.

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Luna lives in Boyle Heights, and says he's had itchy eyes and trouble breathing since the fire broke out.

" Hopefully they stop it pretty soon," he said from behind the bar.

Green jerseys have taken over some streets in Boyle Heights as Mexico plays in the 2026 World Cup.

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Some groups including the Boyle Heights Chamber of Commerce, which organized last week's World Cup watch party, have expressed concern that the fire and the air quality issues it produces are disrupting small businesses in the neighborhood.

"Small businesses are struggling due to the Lineage fire, many of them are closing and they're worried about how they're going to pay their bills this month," said Rudy Espinoza, the president of the community organization Inclusive Action, in an Instagram video promoting a fund for those businesses and vendors who might be losing out during the fire.

At Casa Fina, a Mexican restaurant near Mariachi Plaza, just a few customers were seated for lunch on Tuesday.

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At Casa Fina, a Mexican restaurant near Mariachi Plaza, just a few customers were seated for lunch on Tuesday. Server Mario Mosqueda gestured to the empty tables.

" This day is very, very slow," he said.

He wasn't sure if the fire had anything to do with it, but said he hoped it would be a packed house for Mexico's match on Wednesday evening. When Mexico played South Korea, he said he netted the most in tips he'd made all year — nearly $600.

Mosqueda said he wasn't much of a soccer fan. But it's the World Cup. So he was wearing his Mexico jersey anyway, with a smile.

This story first appeared on The LA Local.

Traffic around Dodger Stadium is notorious.

During 81 home games a season, lines of cars inching toward the stadium lead to gridlock on local streets in Chinatown, Solano Canyon, Echo Park and Lincoln Heights. The problem is a simple numbers game — the reigning World Series champs attract an average 50,000 fans per game for a parking lot with 16,000 spaces. Most fans drive, as the 300-foot climb into Chavez Ravine from nearby streets makes walking or biking impractical. 

Fans and residents can now weigh in on a survey launched by the L.A. Department of Transportation (LADOT) to ease stadium traffic and identify ways for fans to get to the stadium without their cars. 

The survey features questions about fans’ transportation patterns and preferences, where they commute to games from around L.A. and Southern California, feelings about personal safety on the way to the stadium, and comfort using different modes of transportation. Residents who complete the survey will be entered for a chance to win a $50 gift card. 

Residents can also provide feedback in person at three events through mid-July: 

• Kick It in the Park at Echo Park Lake on June 26 from 11 a.m. to  8 p.m.
• Park-to-Park Open Streets Community Event at Wilshire Boulevard between MacArthur Park and Lafayette Park on July 10 from noon–5 p.m. 
• Community Open House at the LA Lotus Festival at Echo Park Lake on July 11 from 4–7 p.m. 

The department will publish its recommendations to ease traffic in the fall. The effort dovetails with nearby transit and pedestrian improvements as part of the Sunset Boulevard and Cesar Chavez Safety and Mobility Project. 

Why now — and where the gondola project stands

The transportation study is a direct response to the proposed 1.2-mile gondola system, officially called The Los Angeles Aerial Rapid Transit (LA ART). Spearheaded by former Dodgers owner Frank McCourt, the project was pitched as a way to reduce traffic congestion and offer free rides to ticket holders. District 1 Councilmember Eunisses Hernandez introduced a motion in 2024 directing the city to pause any action advancing the gondola project until the department completed an assessment of traffic around Dodger Stadium. The City Council approved the motion with an 11–2 vote. 

In November 2025, the L.A. City Council voted 12–1 to formally oppose the project, a motion that went unsigned by L.A. Mayor Karen Bass. Despite opposition by the council, the gondola project continues to work through the approval process from local and state agencies.

In December 2025, the L.A. Metro Board voted to recertify the project’s environmental impact report at a meeting attended by hundreds of opponents and supporters of the project. The council will wait for the completion of the transit study before taking any other formal action.

Community organizers of the Stop the Gondola coalition say the project would negatively impact parks and neighborhoods around the stadium, uprooting trees and obstructing the sky along the way. Members of the coalition also point to a UCLA Mobility Lab study which found that the project would only decrease traffic by less than 1%. 

Separate from LADOT, Los Angeles State Historic Park published a draft of amendments to its general plan in May, which would allow the gondola to go over the park. Residents can provide feedback on those amendments through July 22 via mail and email. A virtual open house to learn more about the project is also available on its website.

Take LADOT’s survey before July 13

• Fill out the transportation study survey before July 13.
• Email any questions about the study to dodgers-stadium@lacity.org.