Sponsored message
Audience-funded nonprofit news
radio tower icon laist logo
Next Up:
0:00
0:00
Subscribe
  • Listen Now Playing Listen

The Brief

The most important stories for you to know today
  • Get hands-on with heirloom fruit in Fresno
    A ripe peach with deep red and orange coloring hangs from a branch, with rows of peach trees visible in the background under a blue sky
    An Elberta peach ripens on a tree at the Masumoto Family Farm in Fresno County.

    Topline:

    The Masumoto Family Farm in Fresno County is accepting applications for its annual Adopt-a-Tree program, which lets teams of up to 12 people harvest certified-organic heirloom peaches and nectarines over two weekends in the summer.

    Why it matters: For 23 years, the program has offered urban and suburban families a rare hands-on connection to where their food comes from — and a shot at tree-ripened fruit you'll never find at a store or farmers market. Some teams have been coming back all 23 years.

    New this year: The Masumotos recently added Baby Crawford peaches to the program — a grafted heirloom variety that helps buffer against climate-driven shifts in their Elberta peach and Le Grand nectarine ripening cycles.

    Thinking about it? New applicants must attend a virtual info session on Feb. 24 before applying, and spots are limited — the farm turns people away each year to keep the experience small.

    Read on … to learn how much fruit you’ll get for $950.

    There's a difference between a good peach and a perfect one. The good ones make it to your local farmers markets. The perfect ones are too ripe to survive the trip; for those, you have to be standing under the tree. That's the idea behind the Masumoto Family Farm's Adopt-a-Tree program, now accepting applications through March 15.

    Now in its 23rd year, the program allows teams of up to 12 people to harvest certified-organic fruit directly from the farm over two summer weekends.

    Most participants are friends, neighbors, coworkers and families from urban and suburban areas, many returning year after year.

    "So many folks are very disconnected from their sources of food," said Nikiko Masumoto, a fourth-generation Japanese American farmer and author. "We are trying to provide different portals of entry for folks to ask questions and wonder and be curious, and then get to experience themselves a slice of farm life."

    This year brings a restructured format with two tiers: Junior ($950 for roughly 250 to 300 pounds of fruit) and Senior ($1,750 for roughly 500 to 600 pounds). How many individual peaches is that? It's hard to say — Masumoto said some Elbertas last year clocked in at over a pound each, while others were closer to a quarter pound.

    The Masumotos recently added Baby Crawford peaches to the program — a grafted heirloom variety that helps buffer against climate-driven shifts in their Elberta peach and Le Grand nectarine ripening cycles.

    If you’re new to the program

    Fair warning — the Masumotos are upfront that this is a sweat-equity commitment, not a leisurely farm visit. Expect potentially 100-degree heat and a full morning of picking.

    Teams also need to hold three weekends open — the last in July and the first two in August — because the farm won't know the exact harvest dates until mid-July.

    A close-up of David "Mas" Masumoto's weathered, soil-dusted hands cradling a large ripe peach streaked with red and gold.
    David "Mas" Masumoto holds a freshly picked peach at the Masumoto Family Farm.
    (
    Nikiko Masumoto
    /
    Courtesy Masumoto Family Farm
    )

    "We are not centering this around human ease," Masumoto said. "It's about the fruit and what the trees are telling us."

    New applicants must attend a virtual info session before applying. The remaining session is on Feb. 24. The farm must turn away applicants each year — they intentionally keep the program small to preserve the community feel.

    For those who want Masumoto fruit without the full commitment, the farm also runs a low-key drive-through where you can order a flat of peaches online and pick them up at the farm.

    For more information, visit masumoto.com/adopt-a-tree. Applications are due March 15. Questions can be directed to nikmasu@gmail.com.

  • Trump admin sends unaccompanied minors to Texas
    A tall brown building with a small door in the front and doors on the side with a metal staircase. A metal gate is out of focus in the foreground.
    The Trump administration is sending pregnant unaccompanied minors to a South Texas shelter (above) flagged as medically inadequate by ORR officials. The facility is run by a for-profit contractor called Urban Strategies. Founder and president Lisa Cummins told the newsrooms the company is “deeply committed to the care and well-being of the children we serve.”

    Topline:

    The Trump administration is sending all pregnant unaccompanied minors apprehended by immigration enforcement to a single group shelter in South Texas.

    Why now: The decision was made over urgent objections from the government’s own health and child welfare officials, who say both the facility and the region lack the specialized care the girls need. That’s according to seven sources who work at the Office of Refugee Resettlement within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which handles the custody and care of children who cross the border without a parent or legal guardian, or are separated from family by immigration authorities. All of the sources declined to be named for fear of retaliation.

    Why it matters: The move marks a sharp departure from longstanding federal practice, which placed pregnant, unaccompanied migrant children in ORR shelters or foster homes around the country that are equipped to handle high-risk pregnancies. ORR sources, along with more than a dozen former government officials, health care professionals, migrant advocates and civil rights attorneys, said they worry the Trump administration is putting children in danger at the San Benito shelter to advance an ideological goal: denying them access to abortion by placing them in a state where it’s virtually banned.

    Read on ... for more about what this means for pregnant unaccompanied minors.

    The Trump administration is sending all pregnant unaccompanied minors apprehended by immigration enforcement to a single group shelter in South Texas. The decision was made over urgent objections from the government’s own health and child welfare officials, who say both the facility and the region lack the specialized care the girls need.

    That’s according to seven sources who work at the Office of Refugee Resettlement within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which handles the custody and care of children who cross the border without a parent or legal guardian, or are separated from family by immigration authorities. All of the sources declined to be named for fear of retaliation.

    Since late July, more than a dozen pregnant minors have been placed at the Texas facility, which is located in the small border city of San Benito. Some were as young as 13, and at least half of those taken in so far became pregnant as a result of rape, sources said. Their pregnancies are considered high risk by definition, particularly for the youngest girls.

    “This group of kids is clearly recognized as our most vulnerable,” one of the sources said. Rank-and-file staff, the source said, are “losing sleep over it, wondering if kids are going to be placed in programs where they’re not going to have access to the care they need.”

    The move marks a sharp departure from longstanding federal practice, which placed pregnant, unaccompanied migrant children in ORR shelters or foster homes around the country that are equipped to handle high-risk pregnancies. ORR sources, along with more than a dozen former government officials, health care professionals, migrant advocates and civil rights attorneys, said they worry the Trump administration is putting children in danger at the San Benito shelter to advance an ideological goal: denying them access to abortion by placing them in a state where it’s virtually banned.

    A low angle view of dry grass in the foreground and a large white plane with text that reads "Global X" next to a long building.
    A Global X plane sits on a runway near Valley International Airport in Harlington, Texas, on Nov. 4, 2025. The Charter airline operates most deportation flights for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, transporting migrants across the country and abroad.
    (
    Patricia Lim
    /
    KUT News
    )

    “This is 100% and exclusively about abortion,” said Jonathan White, a longtime federal health official who ran ORR’s unaccompanied children program for part of President Donald Trump’s first term. White, who recently retired from the government, said the administration tried and failed to restrict abortion access for unaccompanied minors in 2017. “Now they casually roll out what they brutally fought to accomplish last time and didn’t.”

    Asked via email why the administration is sending pregnant children to San Benito, an HHS spokesperson who asked not to be named wrote that “ORR’s placement decisions are guided by child welfare best practices and are designed to ensure each child is housed in the safest, most developmentally appropriate setting, including for children who are pregnant or parenting.”

    But several of the ORR officials took issue with the agency’s statement. “ORR is supposed to be a child welfare organization,” one of them said. “Putting pregnant kids in San Benito is not a decision you make when you care about children’s safety.”

    ORR’s acting director, Angie Salazar, instructed agency staff to send “any pregnant children” to San Benito beginning July 22, 2025, according to an internal email obtained as part of a six-month investigation by The California Newsroom and The Texas Newsroom, public media collaboratives that worked together to produce this story.

    A screenshot of an email with the sent recipients names and contacts redacted.
    A screenshot of a July 22, 2025, email notifying ORR supervisors of a directive to send pregnant unaccompanied minors to a single shelter in San Benito, Texas, despite objections from the government’s own health and child welfare officials.

    Several sources said a handful of pregnant girls have mistakenly been placed in other shelters because immigration authorities didn’t know they were pregnant when they were transferred to ORR custody.

    Since the July order, none of the pregnant girls at the San Benito facility have experienced major medical problems, according to ORR sources and Aimee Korolev, deputy director of ProBAR, an organization that provides legal services to children there. They said several of the girls have given birth and are detained with their infants.

    But officials interviewed for this story said they worry the shelter is only one high-risk pregnancy away from catastrophe.

    “I feel like we’re just waiting for something terrible to happen,” one of the ORR sources said.

    ‘Blown away by the level of risk’

    There are dozens of ORR shelters or foster homes across the country that are designated to care for pregnant unaccompanied children, according to ORR officials, with 14 in California alone. None of the officials could recall a time when all of the pregnant minors in the agency’s custody were concentrated in one shelter.

    Detaining them in San Benito, Texas, doctors and public health experts said, is a dangerous gambit.

    White vans parked in a parking lot are visible through a metal chain link fence, which is out of focus in the foreground.
    Parked white vans inside a gated building at Urban Strategies, a facility that holds unaccompanied minor immigrants under contract with the US Office of Refugee Resettlement, in San Benito, Texas, on Nov. 5, 2025. Refugio San Benito is a facility operated by the group Urban Strategies.
    (
    Patricia Lim
    /
    KUT News
    )

    “It’s not good to be a pregnant person in Texas, no matter who you are,” said Annie Leone, a nurse midwife who recently spent five years caring for pregnant and postpartum migrant women and girls at a large family shelter not far from San Benito. “So, to put pregnant migrant kids in Texas, and then in one of the worst health care regions of Texas, is not good at all.”

    The specialized obstetric care that exists in Texas is mostly available in its larger cities, hours from San Benito. And several factors, including the high number of uninsured patients, have eroded the availability of health care across the state.

    Furthermore, Texas’ near-ban on abortion has been especially devastating to obstetric care. The law allows an exception in cases where the mother’s life is in danger or one of her bodily functions is at risk, but doctors have been confused as to what that means.

    Many doctors have left to practice elsewhere, and those who’ve stayed are often scared to perform procedures they worry could come with criminal charges. While Texas passed a law clarifying the exceptions last year, experts have said it may not be enough to assuage doctors’ fears.

    Several maternal health experts described a sobering list of dangers for the girls at the San Benito shelter: If one of them develops an ectopic pregnancy (where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus), if she miscarries or if her water breaks too early and she gets an infection, the emergency care she needs could be delayed or denied by doctors wary of the abortion ban.

    Getting the care that is available could take too long to save her life or the baby’s, they added.

    Adolescents are also more likely to give birth early, which can be life-threatening for both mother and baby. The youngest face complications during labor and delivery because their pelvises aren’t fully developed, said Dr. Anne-Marie Amies Oelschlager, an obstetrician in Washington state who specializes in adolescent pregnancy.

    “These are young adolescents who are still going through puberty,” she said. “Their bodies are still changing.”

    Pregnant girls who recently endured the often harrowing journey to the U.S. face even more risk, obstetrics experts said. Many have been raped along the way and have sexually transmitted infections that can be dangerous during pregnancy. Add to that little to no access to prenatal care or proper nourishment, and then the trauma of being detained.

    “You couldn’t set up a worse scenario,” said Dr. Blair Cushing, who runs a women’s health clinic in McAllen, about 45 minutes from San Benito. “I’m kind of blown away by the level of risk that they’re concentrating in this facility.”

    A history of problems

    The San Benito shelter is owned and operated by Urban Strategies, a for-profit company that has contracted with the federal government to care for unaccompanied children for more than a decade, according to USAspending.gov.

    The main building, an old tan brick Baptist Church, occupies a city block in downtown San Benito, a quiet town of about 25,000. The church was converted to a migrant shelter in 2015 and was managed by two other contractors before Urban Strategies took it over in 2021.

    On a fall day last year, there were no signs of activity at the facility, though children’s lawn toys and playground equipment were visible behind a wooden fence. A guard was stationed at one of the entrances.

    A woman with medium skin tone stands in a lawn with large plants growing. Behind her is a white colored two-story home next to a large tree providing shade to the home.
    Meliza Fonseca lives across the street from the San Benito shelter. She said she occasionally sees children in the yard on weekends, “but for the most part, you don’t see them.”
    (
    Patricia Lim
    /
    KUT
    )

    “It’s pretty quiet, just like it is today,” said Meliza Fonseca, who lives nearby. “That’s the way it is every day.”

    She said she occasionally sees kids playing in the yard on weekends, “but for the most part, you don’t see them.”

    Reached by email, the founder and president of Urban Strategies, Lisa Cummins, wrote that the company is “deeply committed to the care and well-being of the children we serve,” but directed any questions about ORR-contracted shelters to the federal agency.

    When asked about the San Benito facility, the ORR spokesperson wrote that “Urban Strategies has a long-standing record of delivering high-quality care to pregnant unaccompanied minors, with a consistently low staff turnover.”

    A large building is at a distance across a large lawn and shown through a metal fence, which is slightly out of focus in the foreground.
    A gated building at Urban Strategies, a facility that holds unaccompanied minor immigrants under contract with the U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement, in San Benito, Texas, on Nov. 5, 2025.
    (
    Patricia Lim
    /
    KUT News
    )

    But agency sources who spoke with the newsrooms said that as recently as 2024, staff members at the shelter failed to arrange timely medical appointments for pregnant girls or immediately share critical health information with the federal agency and discharged them without arrangements to continue their medical care.

    ORR temporarily barred the shelter from receiving pregnant girls while Urban Strategies implemented a remediation plan, but the plan did not add staff or enhance their qualifications, the sources said.

    Several sources inside the agency said its leadership was provided with a list of shelters that are better prepared to handle children with high-risk pregnancies. All of those shelters are located outside of Texas, in regions where the full range of necessary medical care is available. Yet the directive to place them at San Benito remains.

    “It’s cruel, it’s just cruel,” one of the officials said. “They don’t care about any of these kids. They’re playing politics with children’s health.”

    ‘A dress rehearsal’

    Jonathan White, who ran ORR’s unaccompanied children program from January 2017 to March 2018, said he wasn’t surprised to learn the new administration is moving pregnant unaccompanied children to Texas.

    “I’ve been expecting this since Trump returned to office,” White said in an interview.

    He said he views the San Benito order as a continuation of an anti-abortion policy shift that began in 2017, which “ultimately proved to be a dress rehearsal for the current administration.”

    A river is partially visible through trees, out of focus in the background.
    The Rio Grande is seen near the Old Hidalgo Pumphouse Museum in Hidalgo, Texas, on Nov. 5, 2025. Migrants often cross the river en route to the United States.
    (
    Patricia Lim
    /
    KUT News
    )

    Scott Lloyd, the agency’s director at the time, denied girls in ORR custody permission to end their pregnancies, court records show. Lloyd also required the girls to get counseling about the benefits of motherhood and the harms of abortion and personally pleaded with some of them to reconsider.

    “I worked to treat all of the children in ORR care with dignity, including the unborn children,” Lloyd told the newsrooms in an email.

    In the fall of 2017, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a class action lawsuit against Lloyd and the Trump administration on behalf of pregnant girls in ORR custody. The ACLU argued that denying the girls abortions violated their constitutional rights, established by the Supreme Court in its 1973 Roe v. Wade decision.

    Not long after the lawsuit was filed, White said he received a late-night phone call from Lloyd, who had a request. He wanted White to transfer an unaccompanied pregnant girl who was seeking an abortion to a migrant shelter in Texas, where, under state law, it would have been too late for her to terminate her pregnancy.

    White believed following the order would have been unlawful because it might have denied the girl access to legal relief under the lawsuit, so he refused. The girl was not transferred.

    Lloyd, who has since left the government, told the newsrooms he didn’t believe his request was illegal.

    The class action lawsuit was settled in 2020; the first Trump administration agreed not to interfere with abortion access for migrant youth in federal custody going forward. Four years later, the Biden administration cemented the deal in official regulations: If a child who wanted to terminate her pregnancy was detained in a state where it was not legal, ORR had to move them to a state where it was.

    That rule remains in place, and the agency appears to be following it; ORR has transferred two pregnant girls out of Texas since July, though agency sources said one of them chose not to terminate her pregnancy.

    But now that Trump is back in office, his administration is working to kill the policy.

    ‘Elegant and simple’

    Even before Trump won reelection, policymakers in his circle were planning a renewed attempt to restrict abortion rights for unaccompanied minors.

    Project 2025, the Heritage Foundation’s blueprint for a politically conservative overhaul of the federal government, called for ORR to stop facilitating abortions for children in its care. The plan advised the government not to detain unaccompanied children in states where abortion is available.

    Such a change is now possible, Project 2025 argued, because Roe v. Wade is no longer an obstacle. Since the Supreme Court overturned the landmark decision in 2022, there is no longer a federal right to abortion.

    Protestors hold up signs outside the Supreme Court. One of the signs, which is close to the foreground, reads "We dissent."
    Abortion rights activists rally outside of the U.S. Supreme Court after the overturning of Roe Vs. Wade, in Washington, D.C., on June 24, 2022.
    (
    Mandel Ngan
    /
    AFP/Getty Images
    )

    Upon returning to office, Trump signed an executive order “to end the forced use of federal taxpayer dollars to fund or promote elective abortion.”

    Then, in early July, the Department of Justice reconsidered a longstanding federal law governing the use of taxpayer money for abortion. The DOJ concluded that the government cannot pay to transport detainees from one state to another to facilitate abortion access, except in cases of rape or incest or to save the life of the mother.

    And now, ORR is working to rescind the Biden-era requirement that pregnant girls requesting an abortion be moved to states where it’s available. On Jan. 23, the agency submitted the proposed change for government approval, though it has not yet published the details.

    Several of the ORR officials who spoke with the newsrooms said it’s unclear whether children in the agency’s custody who have been raped or need emergency medical care will still be allowed to get abortions.

    “HHS does not comment on pending or pre-decisional rulemaking,” the agency’s spokesperson wrote when asked for details of the regulatory change. “ORR will continue to comply with all applicable federal laws, including requirements for providing necessary medical care to children in ORR custody.”

    But the day the change was submitted, an unnamed Health and Human Services spokesperson told The Daily Signal, a conservative news site, “Our goal is to save lives both for these young children that are coming across the border that are pregnant and to save the lives of their unborn babies.”

    Like other experts who spoke with the newsrooms, White, the former head of ORR’s unaccompanied children program, said he thinks the San Benito directive and the anti-abortion rule change are meant to work hand in hand: Once pregnant children are placed at the San Benito shelter, the new regulations could mean they cannot be moved out of Texas to get abortions — even if keeping them there puts them at risk.

    “It’s so elegant and simple,” White said. “All they have to do is send them to Texas.”

    Mose Buchele with The Texas Newsroom contributed reporting.

    This story was produced by The California Newsroom and The Texas Newsroom. The California Newsroom is a collaboration of public media outlets that includes NPR, CalMatters, KQED (San Francisco), LAist and KCRW (Los Angeles), KPBS (San Diego) and other stations across the state. The Texas Newsroom is a public radio journalism collaboration that includes NPR, KERA (North Texas), Houston Public Media, KUT (Austin), Texas Public Radio (San Antonio) and other stations across the state.

  • Fighting food insecurity with free fresh produce
    A close up of an open cardboard box full of bright orange tangerines. A man with a medium skin tone is holding up one of the tangerines in his hand. He's wearing a bright orange appron that says Food Forward.
    Volunteer Josh Debuque holds up fresh tangerines that were donated by a local farmer.

    Topline:

    A North Hollywood nonprofit is helping feed Angelenos by making sure farmers market produce doesn’t go to waste.

    Who’s behind it? Food Forward has been a leader in the fight against food insecurity in Southern California for years. Their programs save excess food from multiple sources — everything from wholesale sellers to local farmers markets.

    Why it matters: Food insecurity affects 1 in 4 L.A. County households. By rescuing these fruits and vegetables, they’re helping it get into the hands of residents in need.

    How does it work? The programs are largely powered by volunteers. A group heads to one of the participating farmers markets with boxes that farmers then fill with what didn’t sell.

    Read on ... to see where some of the recovered food goes.

    Growing up, Eleu Navarro says he and his family dealt with food insecurity a lot. They came to the U.S. from Mexico in the early ‘70s.

    “As a child and my other siblings, it was our job to either recycle cans or dumpster dive,” he told LAist.

    Navarro says the experience made him realize that he wants to do his part to help others. Now, as the program director for Growing Hope Gardens, he’s helping fight food insecurity.

    Every week, he and hundreds of other organizations partner with the North Hollywood nonprofit Food Forward to pick up fresh produce that feeds the community.

    Gleaning at the markets

    A portrait of Eleu, who's a man with a medium skin tone and gray hair. He's smiling at the camera while loading a box of Food Forward produce into a truck.
    Eleu Navarro is a program director for Growing Hope Gardens, a nonprofit that maintains food gardens and teaches people how to grow food.
    (
    Cato Hernández
    /
    LAist
    )

    At the Santa Monica Farmers Market, Navarro picked up hundreds of pounds of free food. This kind of gathering is called gleaning, which is when excess food in public areas gets harvested.

    That produce helped Growing Hope Gardens, a nonprofit that runs food gardens in Los Angeles County, feed more than 50 families in Santa Monica and residents at a workshop in Boyle Heights.

    “ We make sure that whatever we glean from here doesn’t go to waste,” he said.

    This is Food Forward’s farmers market recovery program, one of multiple ways they rescue good produce and get it into the hands of needy residents. On this day, dozens of boxes were stuffed with romanesco broccoli, fennel, white cauliflower, rainbow chard, artichokes, kale and more.

    The nonprofit’s system is simple. Volunteers show up to markets in L.A. and Ventura counties with boxes and distribute them to farmers who’ve joined the program. Then, as the market nears closing time, they put in whatever produce they’d like that didn’t sell.

    Samatha Teslik, Food Forward’s community programs director, said the boxes get collected, weighed, sorted and picked up within the hour. Weighing is how they track how much gets donated, which ends up as a tax write-off for farmers later on.

     On a good day, the Santa Monica Farmers Market alone yields upward of 5,000 pounds. On a slow day, they still get at least 1,000 pounds of fresh produce.

    “ There is a little bit of physicalness to it for sure,” she said. “But we work really hard to provide a fun and engaging experience for our volunteers so that they leave feeling really good and want to come back.”

    Helping Angelenos

    Food insecurity affects about 1 in 4 L.A. County households, according to Food Base L.A. Largely low-income residents struggle with this, since it’s often tied to economic issues, but recently, more higher-income residents are also experiencing food insecurity.

    Most of Food Forward’s fruits and vegetables goes to L.A. County, according to founder Rick Nahmias. He said they make it clear that the goods need to get passed along to someone who’s self-identified as being food insecure. They don’t check tax returns or citizenship.

    “That produce can end up in soups at a soup kitchen,” he said. “It can end up in grocery bags being given out in MacArthur Park. They can go into boxes being given to veterans.”

    Residents can sign up to be part of the glean team at farmers markets or become a backyard harvester. These volunteers pick fruits from registered trees on private property, as well as public and commercial orchards. The minimum age for farmers market recovery is 12, while kids as young as 5 can join the backyard harvest program.

    “Whether food waste is a big issue for you, food insecurity or just wanting to do something good in this world where sometimes we’re not feeling super great,” Teslik said, “[it’s] an hour-and-a-half to two hours where you can really make a tremendous impact.”

  • Two new studies find an alarming connection
    A lone sunbather in Santa Monica, Calif., watches a large plume of smoke from a wildfire rise over the Pacific Palisades.
    A lone sunbather watches a large plume of smoke rise from the Pacific Palisades on Jan. 7, 2025

    Topline:

    Two new studies have identified an alarming connection between exposure to wildfire smoke during pregnancy and autism in young children.

    Why it matters: Autism spectrum disorder affects one in 31 8-year-olds in the United States. The extent to which the neurological condition, which researchers widely agree is largely determined by genetics, may also be influenced by environmental factors remains an active area of research.

    Why now: In recent years, researchers have also begun to suspect that conflagrations like the one that leveled swaths of Los Angeles County last year impact neurological health, but the effects of smoke on brain development are comparatively poorly understood.

    What the studies show: One found that those born to mothers exposed to 10 or more days of smoke in their third trimester had a 23% greater risk of being diagnosed with autism by age 5. The other study found that among women who experienced intense smoke episodes — particularly those in the top 10th percentile of exposure — the link between the condition and the smoke exposure was substantially stronger.

    What's next: The two studies do not indicate that wildfire smoke specifically causes autism. Credible experts who study the disorder, including the authors of these studies, agree that a diagnosis is very likely the result of several factors working in tandem and hope to see further study in the future.

    Read on ... for details of the studies.

    Two new studies have identified an alarming connection between exposure to wildfire smoke during pregnancy and autism in young children.

    The unprecedented findings suggest the neurological consequences of breathing smoke are more profound than previously thought.

    About this article

    This story was originally published by Grist. Grist, an LAist partner newsroom, is a nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future. Learn more at Grist.org, and sign up for Grist's weekly newsletter here.

    The research builds on a robust body of evidence that shows wildfire smoke is supremely unhealthy — about 10 times worse than inhaling car exhaust and other pollution emitted by burning fossil fuels. The ultra-fine particles that trees and vegetation release during combustion penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, exacerbating preexisting conditions like asthma and, recent studies suggest, damaging internal organs.

    In recent years, researchers have also begun to suspect that conflagrations — like the ones that leveled swaths of Los Angeles County last year — affect neurological health, but the effects of smoke on brain development are comparatively poorly understood. Two new studies shed light on the complicated web of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to autism spectrum disorder, building on previous research that found connections between the developmental disability and exposure to air pollution in genera

    The first study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Environmental Science and Technology, analyzed data on more than 200,000 children born in southern California between 2006 and 2014. It found that those born to mothers exposed to 10 or more days of smoke in their third trimester had a 23% greater risk of being diagnosed with autism by age 5. Pregnant women who endured between six and 10 days saw a 12% higher risk of such a diagnosis in their kids.

    Notably, the study found that average wildfire smoke concentration across the entire pregnancy or individual trimesters had no material effect on autism diagnoses. What did make a difference was the number of days a person in their third trimester inhaled the pollutant. Even one day of exposure had an effect.

    “The more you get exposed the worse it is,” said David Luglio, a postdoctoral fellow at Tulane University and the lead author of the study. “But we can’t necessarily answer why that is the case.”

    Luglio said he hopes future research will help untangle why prolonged inhalation made such a big difference. Future studies may also help refine these results by incorporating information on how much time the subjects spent outside during fires and whether they wore masks that help filter particulate matter.

    The second study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Environment International, examined a much bigger sample — some 8.5 million births in California between 2001 and 2019. It, too, found a link between wildfire smoke exposure and autism diagnoses, though its different methodology yielded more nuanced results. When researchers looked at average smoke exposure across all births, the association was relatively weak. But among women who experienced intense smoke episodes — particularly those in the top 10th percentile of exposure — the link was substantially stronger. And it was strongest in people who live in where population centers meet undeveloped land and are not exposed to very high levels of general air pollution normally.

    In women in the highest percentile of wildfire smoke exposure who otherwise lived in areas with relatively little background air pollution — such as car exhaust and urban smog — the odds of having a child diagnosed with autism were 50% higher than among those with lower wildfire smoke exposure. The researchers adjusted their analyses for non-wildfire related sources of air pollution.

    “It’s a really huge study,” Rebecca Schmidt, a professor of public health at UC Davis and the paper’s lead author, said, referring to the many millions of records her team analyzed. The earlier study was also quite large, she said, a sign that both findings are well-founded. “There’s more evidence when there’s replication of similar findings,” she said.

    Autism spectrum disorder affects one in 31 8-year-olds in the United States. The extent to which the neurological condition, which researchers widely agree is largely determined by genetics, may also be influenced by environmental factors remains an active area of research. In recent years, as wildfires have burned with more severity and frequency in some parts of the world, researchers have been considering their affect on the disorder.

    At the same time, public interest in autism and its causes has mounted since the late 1990s, when the esteemed British medical journal The Lancet published what was later found to be a fraudulent paper that claimed to find a connection between the MMR vaccine and autism. Robert F Kennedy Jr, the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services and one of the world’s most prominent vaccine skeptics, has long championed that theory. Under his leadership, the agency has radically remade the childhood immunization schedule, stacked an expert vaccine safety panel with his skeptics, and wound down mRNA vaccine development, among other moves that public health experts say undermine confidence in vaccines and threaten disease elimination status.

    There is no credible evidence that vaccines cause autism.

    Even the two studies on autism and wildfire smoke do not indicate that wildfire smoke specifically causes autism. Credible experts who study the disorder, including the authors of these studies, agree that a diagnosis is very likely the result of several factors working in tandem.

    “All we can point out is this association in the third trimester,” Guglio said. “It takes other people down the line to investigate those pathways more directly.”

  • Several properties sell for thousands above asking
    The front of a light tan two-story home with a dirt front yard and trimmed bushes lining the front walkway.
    A listing photo for 888 S. Pasadena Ave.

    Topline:

    More than a dozen houses that were slated to be demolished as part of a failed effort to extend the 710 Freeway have sold, and several of them have gone for thousands of dollars above asking price.

    Why it matters: All net proceeds from the sales will go toward developing affordable housing in the city, according to Pasadena Housing Director Jim Wong.

    The backstory: The historic homes, which sat vacant for decades, were put on the market as-is by the city of Pasadena last fall. According to the listings, a few of the homes were uninhabitable.

    Why now: The 13 houses sold for between $750,000 to more than $3.4 million, with the average purchase price around $1.5 million.

    What's next: “We are very pleased with the outcome,” Wong told LAist. “These critically needed dollars will enable the city to address the affordable housing shortage in Pasadena.”

    Go deeper: Pasadena selling more than a dozen former Caltrans homes along failed 710 Freeway corridor

    More than a dozen houses that were slated to be demolished as part of a failed effort to extend the 710 Freeway have sold, and several of them have gone for thousands of dollars above asking price.

    All net proceeds from the sales will go toward developing affordable housing in the city, according to Pasadena Housing Director Jim Wong.

    The historic homes, which sat vacant for decades, were put on the market as-is by the city of Pasadena last fall. According to the listings, a few of the homes were uninhabitable.

    But that didn’t dissuade buyers.

    The 13 houses sold for between $750,000 to more than $3.4 million, with the average purchase price around $1.5 million.

    “We are very pleased with the outcome,” Wong told LAist. “These critically needed dollars will enable the city to address the affordable housing shortage in Pasadena.”

    How we got here

    The properties were set to be demolished decades ago to extend the 710 Freeway through Pasadena, South Pasadena and El Sereno.

    Caltrans ended up purchasing hundreds of homes to make way for the extension, but construction was never completed.

    Three black-and-white aerial photos of the same area several years apart. The one on the far left says 1965, the middle is 1970 and the far right is 1974.
    The section of the 710 Freeway was built in the early 1970s and displaced thousands of residents when their homes were destroyed, according to Pasadena.
    (
    City of Pasadena
    /
    City Manager's Office
    )

    The project faced legal challenges and widespread opposition from residents who objected to how the freeway would impact their communities, particularly by displacing thousands of residents and destroying homes and businesses.

    Several of the homes were put up for sale last year, including some properties earmarked for affordable housing in the L.A. neighborhood of El Sereno. Caltrans invited private and public groups to submit their interest in the El Sereno homes, which were slated to be auctioned off last summer.

    When the city of South Pasadena put five of the homes on the market last fall, the properties attracted thousands of potential buyers. Most sold for thousands above asking — even with boarded up windows, damaged floors and peeling paint — with the costliest going for nearly half a million dollars more.

    But unlike the South Pasadena properties, people didn’t get to scope out the Pasadena homes in person. There were no public open houses or broker tours allowed — virtual viewings only.

    How much the Pasadena homes sold for

    Most of the properties were sold as offered, including a four-bedroom, two-bath duplex on Pasadena Avenue. The house, which is more than a century old, was purchased for $750,000, according to city officials.

    One property was purchased for nearly double the asking price.

    A six-bedroom, four-bath house on State Street sold for more than $3.4 million, according to city officials. The house, built in 1912, was on the market for $1.75 million.

    Five of the houses ended up selling for thousands over offer, including two on State Street that were represented by Bill Podley, a broker associate with the real estate company Compass.

    Podley told LAist last October that most of the homes were in poor condition after sitting empty for so long. Some had paint peeling from the walls and holes in the floors, for example.

    “These properties are not for the faint of heart,” he said. “Because you're really buying something you're not too totally certain as to its condition.”

    The interior of the second story of a home, with stairs leading down on the left. Three rooms can be seen on the right, with their doors removed. The walls are peeling paint and have holes scattered throughout.
    The interior of 1112 S. Pasadena Ave., a six-bed, three-bath home.
    (
    EGP Imaging
    /
    Courtesy Sotheby's International Realty
    )

    What’s ahead for affordable housing

    Pasadena also purchased four smaller, non-historic homes from Caltrans that were not on the market. Those properties may be renovated for affordable homeownership housing.

    The city is required to fund three affordable units with the net sales proceeds from every property it purchased from Caltrans. Wong confirmed the 13 homes that were sold, in addition to the four non-historic ones set aside, will generate at least 51 units of affordable housing.

    Pasadena officials have to use the proceeds for affordable housing by the end of this year. The city can extend the deadline if needed, subject to state approval, according to Wong.

    There are other homes that have been or will be sold to their tenants, according to the city. Some will also be sold to nonprofits.