The Brief

Dave Stretch is determined not to go down the rabbit hole of 'what ifs' when he thinks about the mass shooting at Cook's Corner. "For my own, you know, mental health sake," he told LAist.

Stretch survived the shooting with a relatively minor wound, unlike the three victims who died in the shooting and at least two others who are still in the hospital. Stretch says he can't imagine what their families are going through right now. And he can hardly believe he escaped without more serious injuries.

In fact, the bass player is planning to go to a rehearsal on Thursday, just a week after he and fellow M Street band member Ed Means were shot while on stage at the historic biker bar in Trabuco Canyon.

Stretch and Means are among nine people shot by a retired Ventura police sergeant who appeared to have initially targeted his wife, Marie Snowling. She had recently filed for divorce.

The three victims killed were John Leehey, 67, Glen Sprowl Jr., 53, and Tonya Clark, 49. The shooter, John Snowling, was killed by Orange County Sheriff's deputies. A spokesperson for Mission Providence Hospital said two additional victims were still in their care, and both are expected to have a full recovery.

Stretch was shot below the hip. Means was shot in the arm. Both had wounds that were minor enough to warrant just one night in the hospital before they were released.

This aerial photo shows Cook's Corner, the scene of mass shooting, on Thursday, Aug. 24, 2023, in Trabuco Canyon.

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Jae C. Hong

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Stretch said the shooting has brought him much closer to his family, friends and bandmates. “Our band, I mean we were pretty close before, but this is like a forged-in-fire family now. I love them fiercely. And my kids and my girlfriend and basically everybody around me. I just feel like somebody from the 60s all of a sudden just loving on everybody.”

Stretch said he plans to get back on stage soon. "He's not taking that away from me," Stretch said of the shooter. "He's already done enough damage."

A night that first felt like a good gig

M Street is an Orange County-based group that describes itself on its website as a "high-energy rock/cover/dance band." (The band's website now leads with a banner that reads "Our hearts go out to all of those affected by the Cook's Corner incident.")

Playing Cook's Corner, a popular restaurant and watering hole for both bikers and local families, was not a regular gig for M Street. The night of the shooting was the first time the band had played on the bar's smaller, indoor stage. They had played the larger, outdoor stage several times, Stretch said.

Stretch had been busy at his day job as director of operational analysis for the grocery chain Smart & Final. He hadn't sent out his usual weekly email blast to friends and followers inviting them to come hear him play, an omission for which he was later relieved.

He finished work late on Wednesday, got to Cook's late, and was feeling a little stressed when the band finally started playing.

But a few songs into their first set, people in the crowd were dancing and Stretch was beginning to have fun.

"It was starting to feel right," he said. "It's like, 'This is going to be a good gig.'"

Confusion, panic and then pain

Then Stretch saw a man walk in to the left of the stage with a pistol in each hand. He said it looked like the man was shooting up into the ceiling.

"My first emotion of the whole thing, it wasn't fear, it was confusion," Stretch said. "I'm like, what's this guy doing, and why is he shooting something up in the air? And then that kind of passed and my next thought [was] 'Oh man, that is so not cool that somebody would do that, like, as a joke.'"

But Stretch soon became conscious of the crowd's panicked reaction and realized he was in the middle of a mass shooting.

He suddenly felt a pain near his hip, like someone had punched him. "Immediately I knew what it was. I said, 'I've been shot. This is real.'"

Since the beginning of 2023, 476 mass shootings have taken place in the U.S., according to the nonprofit Gun Violence Archive.

More than 2,000 people were injured in those shootings and 533 people were killed, including 25 suspects.

Realizing he'd been shot

Stretch ran out a door to the parking lot to get away from the gunfire. He saw that there was blood on his jeans but he felt OK. "I thought it was just, you know, a graze," he said. Later, he would realize the bullet went cleanly through his buttock.

Stretch heard more gunshots outside and decided to run back into the bar. "I started thinking I don't know where this guy is but if he comes around the back of the building, I can't be here."

Officials later reported that after Snowling fired an initial round of shots — including the ones that hit Stretch and Means — he retreated to his car for more weapons.

Stretch saw that his bandmate Means had also been shot, and he did what he could to help Means stop the bleeding. Then Stretch took cover behind the bar, made a quick call to his girlfriend and texted his two adult children and his brother: "Shooter. Hit in butt."

Later, his kids would tease him, in the kind of way only tragedy survivors can, about the terse content. "Like, really, that's it, Dad? That's the last words I'm going to get from you?" Stretch remembered them saying.

Law enforcement officers are seen on a blocked off road in Trabuco Canyon following the mass shooting at the nearby Cook's Corner bar and restaurant.

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Frederic J. Brown

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From behind the bar, Stretch heard a barrage of gunfire and saw sheriff's deputies running past the window. Help had arrived. Authorities said deputies shot and killed Snowling within minutes of their arrival.

"I am so grateful for them," Stretch said of the dozens of law enforcement officers who responded to the shooting, "that they were as close as they were, that they got here as fast as they did, that they put the guy down as fast as they did."

Bandmates share a recovery room

Stretch and his bandmate Means shared an ambulance to Mission Providence Hospital in nearby Mission Viejo. Then, they shared a recovery room at the hospital. "I think that helped me, probably helped both of us, emotionally quite a lot to be able to have however many hours in that room together," Stretch said.

Stretch credits "dumb luck" with the fact that the bullet that struck him caused minimal damage. "It went through me like butter," he said. 

Means, who was shot in the arm, was equally lucky. Stretch noticed his bandmate wiggling his fingers in his adjacent bed at the hospital. "I said, 'Hey, do you think you can make a D chord?' And he makes a D chord shape with his hand."

Stretch decided he and Means were probably going to be fine.

His relative good fortune has made him feel both delighted and a little guilty. Not survivor's guilt, exactly. More like enjoyment guilt.

"Because I can only think of my particular situation in all this as a good thing," he said. "But in the face of that gladness, there's three families that are going through I can't even imagine what right now."

Looking in the mirror at the bruised, purple line that marks where the bullet traveled through his buttock — 8-inches long, Stretch measured — is sobering. "When I look at that, that's what makes me think of the violence that that gun did to others and could have done in different places to me," he said.

Shutting out the 'what ifs'

Back home and healing, Stretch is still battling against the "what ifs."

"What if that shot was 12 or 18 inches higher? What if I'd stayed out in the parking lot? What if somebody I knew had come to the show and gotten hurt?" he said. "I can't, I can't go there. And so I'm not letting myself go there for my own sanity."

Instead he's trying to embrace the outpouring of love he's experienced since the shooting.

"You can have this just unimaginably horrible thing and right next to that you can have the response that I've gotten from people from all areas of my life. It feels like such a wonderful and flattering and humbling thing. It's like, how can I have these two emotions about this event?"

Stretch said he is planning to see a crisis counselor, in case the reality of what he's been through hasn't totally hit yet.

"I don't want to make light of it but I don't want to make it more than it is either. So I'm just going to … make sure I recognize what's going on in my head and make sure everything's OK," he said.

What Stretch is not? Surprised that a mass shooting happened "here," in his orbit. "We've long been on notice that it can happen here, and it does happen here, and it happens all the time," he said.

Stretch said he's not a "gun person." But "I'm not a 'take everybody's gun away person' either," he said. Given the estimated hundreds of millions of guns in circulation in the U.S., he's uncertain which measures, if any, might help reduce gun violence.

For now, Stretch is opting for acceptance. "The reality is life is pretty uncertain and I just keep coming back to, you know, love well and live your best life because that's really what life is, I think."

Trauma resources

Voters on Saturday rejected a measure that would have weakened California’s landmark environmental law by fast-tracking reviews for some projects.

With about 76% of votes counted, voters rejected Prop. 45 by 55.7% to 44.3%.

The vote maintains the status quo under the state’s Environmental Quality Act, which since 1970 has required public agencies to review project developments that could have harmful environmental impacts, and mitigate those harms.

“Californians have sent a clear message to corporate developers, utilities and data center builders that they will not stand for a broad assault at the ballot box on state law protecting our air, water and natural resources,” No on 45’s Woody Little said. “We were outspent but not outgunned.”

Supporters had said the changes would reduce building costs. The California Chamber of Commerce sponsored Proposition 45, the Building an Affordable California Act, which would limit the length of environmental reviews for projects deemed “essential” to 365 business days and require courts to resolve litigation in 270 calendar days. Those projects include housing, water, broadband and transit developments.

Proponents said the savings from building more quickly would pass to consumers and spent $41 million campaigning for the measure. The Building a Better California political action committee was the largest donor, giving $10 million to the campaign. The organization is funded partly by current and former Google executives Sergey Brin and Eric Schmidt. Two of the largest investor-owned utilities, Pacific Gas & Electric Company and Southern California Edison, together donated $4.4 million.

Environmental groups argued the measure would go too far in weakening a law meant to protect people from environmental harms. Opponents, including a coalition of environmental, health and union organizations, spent $30 million trying to stop it. Wendy Schmidt, a Democratic philanthropist, was the largest donor, giving $10 million to the campaign. The political action committee Clean and Healthy California Sponsored by Environmental Organizations contributed $7 million.

The California Democratic Party opposed the measure. The California Republican Party supported it, while county Republican groups were split.

Deborah Sivas, an environmental law professor at Stanford University, said Prop. 45 would radically change current law. It would shift power “away from local governments and to developers by giving them some new tools … and limiting what courts can do in terms of reviewing decisions that agencies and local governments make,” she said.

CEQA and housing

California’s environmental review law, signed in 1970, requires agencies to assess the environmental impacts of developments and help mitigate them.

Over decades, developers have raised concerns about the process, arguing litigation and bureaucracy slow down construction.

State legislators have tried to fix the problem by passing laws that exempt or streamline certain projects from environmental review. In 2025, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed laws that exempt many urban housing projects from the full review process.

But some supporters of Prop. 45, including the California Building Industry Association and the California Council for Affordable Housing, say those changes don’t go far enough.

“It’s an important piece of the puzzle, but (that type of housing) does not produce quickly or at scale,” said Jennifer Hernandez, an attorney who helped write the measure. “We need quicker, at scale, affordable housing.”

Supporters say Prop. 45 would help California redevelop large, unused sites like malls and parking lots into housing and make it easier to build away from urban areas.

Pro-housing groups, public agencies divided 

Pro-housing and local government groups usually support CEQA reform, but Prop. 45 has divided many of them.

Housing advocates in the Bay Area, including East Bay for Everyone and the Greenbelt Alliance, oppose the measure. Other Yes in My Backyard groups are neutral, including Abundant Housing Los Angeles and both California YIMBY and YIMBY Action — the movement’s two flagship advocacy groups.

The split between pro-housing groups lies in whether California should keep building outward onto undeveloped land or promote construction in urban centers. Some supporters, including Oakland Democratic Assemblymember Buffy Wicks, have said the state needs all types of housing.

Others say building away from urban centers would make it harder to address climate change.

“We believe we can (and must) solve the housing and climate crises simultaneously. That means building communities with denser housing and alternatives to automobile dependence,” wrote Max Dubler of California YIMBY in a blog post explaining the group’s neutral stance on Prop. 45.

Public agencies and local governments that could benefit from the building rules were also divided.

The California Municipal Utilities Association opposes the measure. But most other groups representing local governments, including the League of California Cities and California State Association of Counties, remained neutral.

Financial impacts for Prop. 45

Prop. 45 supporters argued that streamlining development would make life more affordable for Californians, but the long-term financial benefits are unclear.

An analysis by Blue Sky Consulting Group, commissioned by the California Chamber of Commerce, estimated the measure would produce $1.5 billion in savings and additional revenues for public agencies over 10 years that would reduce overall housing costs.

But the measure would initially cost local governments and public agencies more as they adjust to the measure’s rules, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office, a nonpartisan adviser to the Legislature.

Democrats have done well in recent elections when they win young voters by a margin of at least 20 points. On Tuesday, they carried Gen Z — those under 30 — by nearly 50 points, according to exit polling.

It's a stunning shift from 2024, when the party lost critical ground with young people. Long seen as a part of the Democratic base, voters under 30 shifted right towards Donald Trump, motivated by his pledge to better their economic prospects.

But this week, the youngest generation of voters issued a strong rebuke of Republicans, taking another chance on Democrats and their change-focused message at a moment when many of them feel as though the American Dream is out of reach.

How young voters powered Democrats to victory 

Americans ages 18-29 have a history of turning out at lower rates than older voters, and this year was no exception. Gen Z made up 11% of the total vote on Tuesday.

However, where young Americans may have made the greatest difference is on the margins in House and Senate races where Democrats flipped seats.

The Texas Senate race is a key example. Democrat James Talarico won the state by 12 percentage points; however, when looking at just Gen Z, he won it by 60 points.

Explaining the massive shift from 2024

When assessing gains more broadly, Democrats argue the party's strong slate of candidates helped drum up increased enthusiasm.

But another motivating factor remains strong opposition to Trump. Throughout his second term, Gen Z increasingly soured on the president, with some arguing he failed to make good on a number of core campaign promises — from pledging to lower prices and repeatedly vowing "no new wars," to calling for a crackdown on federal corruption and the release of the Epstein files.

Much of that disappointment was reflected in exit polling. Economic issues were the top concern for a plurality of 18- to 29-year-olds, at 43%, and these voters expressed broad frustrations with Trump's handling of the issue. More than eight in 10 said that Trump's policies have worsened economic conditions, with similar shares opposing his tariff strategy and the decision to go to war with Iran.

The young voters Trump lost

Early analysis from CIRCLE indicates that 15% of young people who backed Trump in 2024 voted for a Democratic House candidate in this year's midterms.

Democrats made gains with some young voters who backed Trump two years ago, including white men and Latino men, two blocs that narrowly voted Republican in 2024 and then voted blue on Tuesday by double digits. Democratic candidates also narrowed the margins with young rural voters and people without college degrees.  

Some of those gains may have been helped by young Trump voters who chose to sit this election out, but it's unclear how many of them there were.

How the election results broke down by age

The midterm results underscore how neither of the two major parties owns Gen Z, according to John Della Volpe, a left-leaning pollster who's extensively studied the politics of young Americans.

"The cohort of younger people in this cycle had a different set of experiences than the cohort of people two years ago, or four years before that," he said. "Every candidate, every party has to earn their votes."

Della Volpe, who runs the Harvard Youth Poll, notes that in the latest survey, released in October, there was a sizable enthusiasm gap between young Democrat and young Republican respondents. While half of Democrats said they definitely planned to vote, just a third of Republicans and less than a quarter of Independents said the same.

"I also think we shouldn't overread what's happened," he added. "Clearly a significant historic rebuke on the party in office — that's obvious — however, I think we need to more fully, kind of understand, the contour of the electorate, who showed up and who didn't show up."

By 2028, Gen Z and millennial voters will make up more than half of the electorate, a demographic shift with huge implications for Democrats and the GOP.

"Young adults can make a difference," said Elizabeth Matto, who serves as the director of the Center for Youth Political Participation at Rutgers University.

"They do care about politics. They can sway the outcome of elections. And they're a voting bloc worth paying attention to."
Copyright 2026 NPR

The morning after Tuesday's midterms was gloomy and rainy in Minneapolis, but people still gathered at the place where Border Patrol agents shot and killed Alex Pretti, a VA nurse and U.S. citizen, last January. All week, community members have come here to place their "I Voted" stickers at the memorial.

Nicki Adams, who dated Pretti and was his close friend for nearly 17 years, watched quietly as a woman added her sticker to a street lamp completely covered in the red decals.

"I wanted to see all the stickers. I just wanted to be here," she says. "It just means a lot to me. I think it would mean a lot to Alex, too."

A few blocks away, people left their stickers where an ICE officer killed Renee Good, a mom of three and a U.S. citizen, just a few weeks before Pretti's death. In Houston, they left them where an ICE officer killed Lorenzo Salgado Araujo, a father of three and a Mexican immigrant, in July.

Adams says these stickers, and the election results this week, send a clear message to Congress: "You work for us, and please carry on these values that we care about … We want to be seen and heard and taken care of and have our neighbors taken care of."

The deaths of Pretti and Good during the ICE surge in Minneapolis marked a pivotal moment for the country, sparking intense public backlash to President Trump's aggressive deportation efforts. But federal law enforcement officials have given little indication they're progressing in investigating their deaths, or the deaths of at least seven other people killed by federal immigration agents since Trump took office again last year. DHS did not respond to an NPR request for the status of those investigations.

Now, after Democrats' sweeping wins this week, their deaths at the hands of immigration agents will likely be the targets of renewed investigations. With a majority in Congress, Democrats can issue subpoenas to the major players in Trump's mass deportation plan, compelling them to testify under oath before the legislature.

That could include White House Border Czar Tom Homan, former Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem, former Border Patrol Commander Gregory Bovino, and White House Chief of Staff Stephen Miller, among others.

Congress can also demand internal documents, like use-of-force reports.

"They can dissect these individual shootings, and really unravel the story of what happened," says Naureen Shah, who leads the ACLU's immigration policy work.

Democrats have already held shadow hearings on the ICE shootings, during which they've called in family members and witnesses to testify.

But Shah says now Congress can ask key questions of top decision makers: What orders were given to immigration officers in the field? What was training like for these officers?

Who made the decision to paint Good and Pretti as threats, including calling Pretti a "would-be assassin" and a domestic terrorist, when video showed otherwise?

"It's like we can turn the faucet on and actually find out so much more," Shah says. "There's an aspect of this that is really about a kind of reckoning with how it's possible that things that seemed unthinkable could happen on American streets. How do you have that reckoning if you don't actually have the ability to force people to explain themselves?"

Democratic leaders have already said that's the plan.

Maryland Democratic Rep. Jamie Raskin, who is expected to lead the House Judiciary Committee, told NPR in a statement that Congress will use "every tool" at its disposal to investigate ICE and that it is time for the agency to "start answering to the American people."

California Democratic Rep. Robert Garcia, expected to lead the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, vowed to take on DHS and ICE abuses in a two-word statement: "Lawyer Up."

Mississippi Democratic Rep. Bennie Thompson, expected to lead the House Committee on Homeland Security, sent a letter on Wednesday to Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin, demanding the agency "comply with all document preservation requirements."

Illinois Democratic Rep. Delia Ramirez wrote on social media that Noem, Miller, Homan, Bovino and Mullin should "clear" their schedules.

In response to that, DHS general counsel James Percival said Democrats are "more interested in political shenanigans than in governing" but said the agency is prepared to "deal with this nonsense."

There are key limitations to what Democrats in Congress can do with their majority when it comes to ICE accountability, says Rachel Moran, a professor at the University of St. Thomas School of Law.

Major changes, like clawing back funding for the agency, would require a veto-proof majority, something the Democrats don't have.

"You still have a president who has shown a complete lack of interest in accountability for federal agents and in fact, a great deal of knee jerk defensiveness about their conduct," Moran says.

In a statement, a White House spokesperson told NPR "if Democrats choose to pursue sham investigations and radical left policies, they are choosing to work against the American people."

Democrats, the statement added, "should be reminded that we still control the federal government and all of its powers."

But that's not true. Congress has its own powers, one of them being the ability to compel testimony. Moran says a deeper probe into the shootings could still serve important purposes, like making evidence available for states to use in their own criminal investigations.

Minnesota officials, for instance, have been fighting with the federal government to get evidence related to the Pretti and Good killings.

Brent Ganger, Renee Good's brother, says learning more information about his sister's death will be hard to hear, "but I think it's also super important for us to understand what happened that day. I don't want history to keep repeating itself."

It was painful, he says, to watch immigration agents kill more people after his sister. He thought her death would be a turning point. In a way, it might have been the start of one. After the surge in Minneapolis, most Americans said ICE had gone too far.

Ganger, who considers himself a moderate, was happy to see the Blue Wave this week. On election night, he was scrolling Instagram when he saw a photo of his sister's memorial site, with all the "I Voted" stickers.

"I was very grateful to see the repudiation of this administration from the country. It felt very supportive of my entire family," he says.

The next morning, in his home in Colorado, he got up and made biscuits and gravy, his sister's favorite breakfast.
Copyright 2026 NPR

Abraham Zavala was born at Adventist White Memorial. So were his kids. So late Friday, when he heard federal immigration agents were at the Boyle Heights hospital, and that local youth were out blowing whistles to warn neighbors, he went. 

“To me that’s sacred ground,” said Zavala, an organizer with Unión del Barrio.

“I’m a dad,” he said. “I wanted to be there to support the youth.”

He was among the Boyle Heights residents who converged on the hospital and stayed in a standoff with federal immigration agents into the early hours of Saturday. Agents detained at least two people, according to rapid response groups.

Neighbors alerted each other with noisemakers and fireworks. A woman pounded her pots and pans. Teenagers ran across Mariachi Plaza, shouting that ICE was in the area and urging residents to lock their doors. 

“Even though we’re afraid, you know we’re still showing up,” said Myra Vasquez, a Boyle Heights resident who rushed to White Memorial after hearing reports of ICE in the area. “We’re not going to allow them to just come into our communities and terrorize us because they’re the real terrorists causing harm.”

Myra Vasquez, a Boyle Heights resident and co-owner of Espacio 1839 rushed to White Memorial after hearing reports of ICE.

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The confrontation peaked around 11:30 p.m. Video shared with Boyle Heights Beat shows agents pushing back protesters who had moved toward them, and the two sides begin shoving. Agents appear to pepper-spray people on the sidewalk. One agent then tackles a man and pins him to the ground, while a second person is pulled from the crowd. Both were detained.

The standoff continued past midnight. Zavala said agents got out of their vehicles and formed a line in front of the parking lot where paramedics enter, blocking an emergency exit. “They literally became White Memorial’s private security detail,” he said. Zavala said he and another person were sprayed with Mace.

Adventist Health White Memorial Hospital in Boyle Heights.

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Steve Saldivar

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The Dept. of Homeland Security declined to comment about the incident in Boyle Heights, and, in a statement, the agency said they would “not disclose or discuss law enforcement operations.”

The spokesperson instead said that obstructing law enforcement is a federal crime.

“ICE does not target hospitals, schools, or churches,” the statement said, despite the large turnout of protesters who encountered the masked agents at the hospital.

Father Brendan Busse, who pastors nearby Dolores Mission Church in Boyle Heights, rushed to White Memorial after seeing reports from the Boyle Heights Immigrant Rights Network of ICE at the hospital.

Busse, a Jesuit priest, said he witnessed people caring for each other and tending to those suffering from pepper spray. People there advocated for them to find treatment at White Memorial, Busse said. Community members, he said, “were obviously doing their best, not just to communicate their feelings, but to push, to instigate the dispersal of this ICE presence.”

As clergy, Busse said their presence can help combat a narrative of those advocating for immigrants as “somehow dangerous, or violent, or vulgar.” 

“Just to be there is a sign that that’s not the only version of what this looks like,” he said.

Initially, Busse showed up wearing a hoodie, but he decided to change into his green stole he had in his car as things appeared to get tense. “Just try to do what I could to bring a presence of maybe a little moral authority,” he said.

“It’s bad enough that people have to lift up their voices to say something so obvious, that their lives matter, that our communities are sacred, that families belong together,” Busse said. “It’s bad enough that they have to be out at 3 a.m. in the morning to tell anybody that.”

“It’s even worse if they would have to suffer the consequences of retribution and violence that comes from speaking out in that way,” Busse added.

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