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The Brief

The most important stories for you to know today
  • Hilary dropped a record setting amount of rain
    A car sitting in water surrounded by palm trees.
    A car is partially submerged in floodwaters as Tropical Storm Hilary moves through the area on August 20, 2023 in Cathedral City, California.

    Topline:

    As predicted, Tropical Storm Hilary brought heavy rains to Southern California, particularly in the mountain and desert areas, which saw quite a bit of flooding and debris flows.

    The forecast: Intermittent rain and thunderstorms are expected through Monday, but things should clear up my Tuesday.

    Heaviest rainfall: Lewis Ranch in Los Angeles County saw 7.04 inches.

    The storm formerly known as Hurricane Hilary has broken down and moved on to Nevada, leaving behind flooded roads, downed trees, stranded cars and soaked residents.

    A person walking with a propane tank across a flooded road.
    A city employee retrieves a propane tank from a flooded bridge as tropical storm Hilary makes landfall in Rancho Mirage, California on August, 20, 2023.
    (
    JOSH EDELSON/AFP via Getty Images
    /
    AFP
    )

    As predicted, Southern California's first tropical storm to make landfall in 84 years hit the mountains, foothills and deserts the hardest.

    "It was uncharted territory as much for us forecasters as it was the public who found what we were saying pretty hard to believe," said Miguel Miller, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service. "We found it hard to believe ourselves, but we couldn't discount it. Couldn't deny it."

    The latest

    The center of Hilary passed over Los Angeles around 8 p.m. Sunday, though the heaviest rain fell between 2 and 6 p.m., dropping more than 1 inch per hour in some spots.

    There have been no reports of any significant injuries or damage as of 8 a.m. Monday, though assessments are ongoing.

    "We urge you to please be cautious of hazardous road conditions," L.A. Fire Chief Kristin Crowley said at a Monday morning news conference.

    Cars at night on the freeway submerged in water.
    Cars are seen submerged in floodwaters on the Golden State Freeway as tropical storm Hilary moves through the area on August 20, 2023 in Sun Valley, California.
    (
    Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
    /
    Getty Images North America
    )

    Still, the storm was felt across the region:

    • Flooding, debris flows, downed power lines and trees were all an issue. Swift water rescues were performed.
    • LAFD responded to 1,833 emergency incidents.
    • LAPD was dispatched to 97 traffic incidents.
    • At around 7:30 p.m. Sunday, five vehicles were stranded in a flooded intersection in Sun Valley and one person had to be rescued.
    • The Sepulveda Basin in the San Fernando Valley remains flooded. Streets in the area are closed.
    • Approximately 18,000 people were still without power as of 8 a.m. Monday, with the largest outage in Beverley Grove. Those in Pico Union, Brentwood and Hollywood remain impacted. More than 41,000 people lost power during the storm, mostly in metro areas.
    • There was extensive flooding in streams that feed the L.A. Aqueduct, but the infrastructure that delivers water to the city remains intact.

    Across L.A. County, it was the San Gabriel mountains and the Antelope Valley that saw some of the heaviest bands of precipitation.

    Rainfall totals as of early Monday:

    • Lewis Ranch (L.A. mountains): 7.04 inches
    • Saugus (Santa Clarita): 6.46 inches
    • Lake Palmdale (Antelope Valley): 5.98 inches
    • Mt. Baldy: 5.8 inches
    • Hollywood Reservoir: 4.9 inches
    • Van Nuys (San Fernando Valley): 4.68 inches
    • Downtown L.A.: 2.98 inches
    • Catalina Island: 2.9 inches
    • Pasadena: 2.27 inches

    Given how unusual it is for our region to see rain during this time of year, it's unsurprising that many daily rainfall records fell.

    HILARY IMPACT
    LAFD swift water rescue and urban search and rescue teams look for a reported person in the LA River at Fletcher Dr. No person was found.
    (
    Brian Feinzimer
    /
    for LAist
    )

    Flood watches are still in effect for Los Angeles and surrounding counties as the storm wraps up. They'll likely be lifted by Tuesday.

    “We’ve made it this far. Let’s make it to the final home stretch here,” said Ariel Cohen, meteorologist in charge with the National Weather Service.

    Palm Springs received a record setting 3.18 inches of rain, their largest amount in 93 years. Roads were washed out and streets flooded.

    A road with water running across it.
    Roads are washed out as Tropical Storm Hilary heads north into Palm Springs, California, on August 20, 2023.
    (
    DAVID SWANSON/AFP via Getty Images
    /
    AFP
    )

    Homes in nearby Cathedral City were inundated with mud and water.

    The 911 system across the Coachella Valley went down overnight, and as of 7 a.m., there was no estimated time for restoration.

    Two people standing in water with their car.
    Motorists deal with a flooded road and stuck vehichles during heavy rains from Tropical Storm Hilary in Palm Springs, California, on August 20, 2023.
    (
    DAVID SWANSON/AFP via Getty Images
    /
    AFP
    )

    Riverside County provided the following alternative numbers for residents to call if help is needed:

    • Indio: (760) 775-3730
    • Palm Springs: (760) 327-1441
    • Desert Hot Springs: (760) 329-2904
    • Cathedral City: (760) 770-0303
    • Sheriff's Dept: (760) 836-3220

    Oak Glen and Forest Falls in San Bernardino County also experienced significant debris flows.

    The forecast

    Water rushing in front of a sidewalk with items on it.
    Tents and belongings of unhoused people are seen near the rushing water of the Los Angeles River, near Griffith Park in Los Angeles, California on August 20, 2023.
    (
    ROBYN BECK/AFP via Getty Images
    /
    AFP
    )

    • Rainfall: The worst of the rain should taper off by early Monday, though the chance of showers and thunderstorms will remain through the rest of the day.
    • Wind: Winds will continue to die down as well. However, gusts as strong as 50 mph may blow through.
    People standing on sand with waves.
    Surfers and beach goers watch the waves from broken sand berms in Long Beach, California, on August 20, 2023.
    (
    ROBYN BECK/AFP via Getty Images
    /
    AFP
    )

    Cancellations and closures

    • Roads across the region are still closed. Click through to this Cal Trans map for details.
    • The following L.A. County school districts have closed for Monday:
      • LAUSD
      • Inglewood
      • Acton-Agua Dulce
      • Pasadena
      • Paramount
      • Saugus Union
      • William S. Hart Union High
      • Castaic
      • Newhall
      • Sulphur Springs Union
      • Westside Union
      • Eastside Union
      • Antelope Valley High
      • Lancaster
      • Palmdale
      • Rosemead
      • Hughes-Elizabeth Lakes Union (except for Gorman Elementary)
    • Classes have been canceled at Cal State LA.
    • State beaches in Orange and San Diego counties are closed through Monday.
    • Parks across L.A. County are closed on Monday.
    • Joshua Tree is closed until Monday afternoon. Death Valley National Park and the Mojave National Preserve, which just saw its most destructive fire on record, is closed as well.

    Shelters in L.A.

    The city of L.A. is providing shelters to unhoused people at the following locations:

    • Echo Park Community Center
      313 Patton St., Los Angeles 90026
    • North Hollywood Senior Center
      5301 Tujunga Ave., Los Angeles, CA 91601
    • Lake View Terrace Recreation Center
      11075 Foothill Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 91342
    • Central Park Recreation Center
      1357 E. 22nd St., Los Angeles, CA 90011
    • Stoner Recreation Center
      1835 Stoner Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90025
    • Lanark Recreation Center
      21816 Lanark St., Canoga Park, CA 91304
    • South L.A. Sports Activity Center
      7020 S. Figueroa St., Los Angeles, CA 90003
      (Opening Sunday)
    • Glassell Park Recreation Center
      3650 Verdugo Rd, Los Angeles 90065
      (Opening Sunday)

    Downed tree, power line or flooded road?

    If you need to report a flooded road or a downed tree, you can call the following non-emergency numbers:

    • L.A. City: Dial 311 for a flooded road or downed tree. Call (800) DIAL-DWP if you see a downed power line.
    • L.A. County: (800) 675-HELP
    • Ventura County: (805) 384-1500
    • Orange County: (714) 955-0200 or visit here.

    If you're in L.A. County and need sand bags, you can find them at local fire houses.

    Dial 911 if it's an emergency.

    Sign up for emergency alerts

    LAFD SAFETY TIPS

    As Hurricane Hilary approaches, it's important to have a safety plan in place. Advice from L.A. County Fire Department Chief Anthony Marrone:

    • Have an evacuation plan

    • Create an emergency supply kit

    • Have a backup battery for any essential medical equipment

    • Stay out of the ocean and floodwaters, and avoid moving water

    • Place sandbags around homes and apartments in areas prone to flooding

    • Never approach downed power lines

    • Watch out for falling trees and power lines

    • Boat operators: evaluate the storm forecast and impact on marinas and harbors

    A detailed list of emergency kit items can be found at ready.la county.gov; there will be real-time emergency updates on the county’s emergency website, found on the county’s landing page: LA county.gov/emergency.

    The context

    The last time we were directly hit by a tropical storm was in 1939, when one made landfall in Long Beach, according to the National Weather Service in Oxnard.

    While the track of this storm was unusual, the hurricane itself was not.

    “So far this season has played out as expected,” said Jamie Rhome, deputy director of the National Hurricane Center.

    Tropical cyclones regularly form off the coast of Southwest Mexico between May and November. While they usually track west out into the Pacific, they can head north toward Baja.

    Sometimes they do indirectly affect Southern California. In September 2022, Hurricane Kay dropped more than 5 inches of rain on the area, causing flooding and damaging homes.

  • Attorney general is out at DOJ

    Topline:

    President Donald Trump announced Thursday that Attorney General Pam Bondi is out from the top job at the Justice Department. Her departure comes amid simmering frustration over her leadership and her handling of the Epstein files.


    Why now? In social media post, Trump called Bondi "a Great American Patriot and a loyal friend, who faithfully served as my Attorney General over the past year."

    What's next: Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche, who is Trump's former personal attorney, will step in to serve as acting attorney general, the president said.

    The context: Bondi, a longtime Trump loyalist, is the second member of the president's Cabinet to be forced out. Her departure comes almost one month after Trump fired Kristi Noem as secretary of Homeland Security. Bondi leaves after a tumultuous 14 months in charge that critics say damaged the Justice Department's credibility, hollowed out the career ranks and undermined the rule of law.

    President Donald Trump announced Thursday that Attorney General Pam Bondi is out from the top job at the Justice Department. Her departure comes amid simmering frustration over her leadership and her handling of the Epstein files.

    In social media post, Trump called Bondi "a Great American Patriot and a loyal friend, who faithfully served as my Attorney General over the past year."

    "Pam did a tremendous job overseeing a massive crackdown in Crime across our Country, with Murders plummeting to their lowest level since 1900," Trump said. "We love Pam, and she will be transitioning to a much needed and important new job in the private sector, to be announced at a date in the near future."

    Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche, who is Trump's former personal attorney, will step in to serve as acting attorney general, the president said.

    Bondi, a longtime Trump loyalist, is the second member of the president's Cabinet to be forced out. Her departure comes almost one month after Trump fired Kristi Noem as secretary of Homeland Security.

    Bondi leaves after a tumultuous 14 months in charge that critics say damaged the Justice Department's credibility, hollowed out the career ranks and undermined the rule of law.

    Under Bondi, the department jettisoned its decades-old tradition of maintaining independence from the White House, particularly in investigations and prosecutions, to insulate them from partisan politics.

    Instead, she used the department's vast powers to go after the president's perceived foes. That includes the high-profile cases against former FBI Director James Comey and New York Attorney General Letitia James, which were brought after Trump publicly called on Bondi to prosecute them.

    A federal judge later tossed both cases after finding the acting U.S. attorney who secured the indictments was unlawfully appointed.

    Other political opponents of the president or individuals standing in the way of his agenda also have found themselves under DOJ investigation, including Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell, California Democratic Sen. Adam Schiff, and former Obama-era intelligence officials James Clapper and John Brennan.

    Bondi also oversaw sweeping changes to the career workforce at the department. The agency fired prosecutors and FBI officials who worked on Capitol riot cases or the Trump investigations.

    The elite section that prosecutes public corruption was gutted; the Civil Rights Division, which protects the Constitutional rights of all Americans, experienced a mass exodus of career attorneys who say the division is being turned into an enforcement arm of the White House.

    Political firestorm over Epstein files

    Bondi, a former Florida attorney general, has defended her actions. She has portrayed the firings as a necessary house cleaning of politicized career officials. She's also tried to focus on what she views as major accomplishments during her tenure: targeting drug cartels, cracking down on violent crime, and helping in immigration enforcement.

    But ultimately, the department's handling of the files related to the investigations of the late convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein played a large role in her downfall.

    Early in her tenure, Bondi told Fox News that she had Epstein's client list "sitting on my desk right now to review." A few months later, the Justice Department and the FBI said there was no client list and that no additional files from the Epstein investigation would be made public.

    That touched off a political firestorm and ultimately led Congress to pass the Epstein Files Transparency Act, which forced the Justice Department to make public all of the Epstein files in its possession.

    The department failed to meet the Act's 30-day deadline to release the materials, fueling frustrations on Capitol Hill, before eventually releasing millions of pages of files. Democratic and Republican lawmakers also expressed concerns about heavy redactions that were made to many of the documents.

    Copyright 2026 NPR

  • Sponsored message
  • City cuts ties with largest shelter operator
    A woman wearing a purple shirt and black pants walks through a parking lot of a grey, two story building
    A woman walks through the parking lot of a homeless shelter in Long Beach that contractor First to Serve operated until the city launched an investigation into its billing practices.

    Topline:

    Long Beach has fired the contractor that operated almost all of its homeless shelters following an audit of the $69 million the city has spent on homeless services over the last five years.

    First to Serve: The nonprofit First to Serve ran 423 of the city’s 500 shelter beds until yesterday, but after a closed-door City Council meeting last month, Long Beach cut ties and quickly swapped in the L.A.-based nonprofit People Assisting The Homeless (PATH). Long Beach is now investigating First to Serve which could result in the city pursuing criminal or civil charges. The investigation stemmed from a broader review of Long Beach’s homelessness programs launched by City Auditor Laura Doud in 2023.

    What's next: As of Wednesday, the sites were being operated by PATH. The city plans to release bids in the next month or two to evaluate new operators for each of the four shelters. In response to the audit, the city said it’s already tightening up its processes, including the launch of a new tracking system and stricter oversight standards.

    Long Beach has fired the contractor that operated almost all of its homeless shelters following an audit of the $69 million the city has spent on homeless services over the last five years.

    The nonprofit First to Serve ran 423 of the city’s 500 shelter beds until yesterday, but after a closed-door City Council meeting last month, Long Beach cut ties and quickly swapped in the L.A.-based nonprofit People Assisting The Homeless (PATH).

    Long Beach is now investigating First to Serve, according to Deputy City Attorney Nicholas Masero. It’s unclear if that investigation could result in the city pursuing criminal or civil charges. Masero said that “we’ll make that determination as the investigations progress.”

    The investigation stemmed from a broader review of Long Beach’s homelessness programs launched by City Auditor Laura Doud in 2023.

    The audit, Masero said, looked into documents submitted by vendors like First to Serve “seeking reimbursement or payment on contracts.”

    “During our audit, we identified information that requires further review,” Doud wrote in a recent memo to the city manager. “To protect the integrity of our ongoing investigation, we cannot provide additional details regarding the matter at this time, nor can we discuss our audit in greater detail.”

    What she discovered, though, was enough to compel Long Beach to cut ties with First to Serve.

    By November, the city began to withhold payments and started the search for a new provider after finding enough instances of “contractual concerns that we were confident we needed to switch providers,” Masero said.

    Doud has not yet released the full results of her audit, but she said contractors like First to Serve must do a better job showing they’ve performed the work they were hired to do before they’re paid, and the city needs to verify the services were actually provided before paying.

    According to Homeless Services Bureau Manager Paul Duncan, Long Beach has paid First to Serve $13 to $14 million annually to operate four shelters, as well as for rapid rehousing and prevention programs.

    A man wearing a cap and plaid shirt is pictured in profile. He is seated, the backs of several people are pictured in the foreground
    Paul Duncan, Long Beach’s homeless services bureau manager, informed the city’s Homeless Services Advisory Committee on Wednesday, April 1, that the city had terminated contracts with its largest homeless shelter provider.
    (
    Thomas R. Cordova
    /
    Long Beach Post
    )

    The organization oversaw the shelter at 702 West Anaheim St., the Atlantic Farms Bridge Housing Community at 6841 Atlantic Ave., the Project Homekey site at 1725 Long Beach Blvd., and the former Luxury Inn at 5950 Long Beach Blvd.

    As of Wednesday, the sites were being operated by PATH. The city plans to release bids in the next month or two to evaluate new operators for each of the four shelters, Duncan said.

    In response to the audit, the city said it’s already tightening up its processes, including the launch of a new tracking system and stricter oversight standards.

    There’s been no official accounting of exactly what alleged wrongdoing is being investigated. According to their agendas, the City Council met in private on March 3 to discuss the situation, and then, on March 10, approved new contracts for PATH to operate the shelters without any public discussion.

    On Wednesday, Long Beach officials also appeared to try to tamp down the idea that the move to fire First to Serve was related to accusations raised last week by mayoral candidate Chris Sweeney.

    In a video posted to Instagram, Sweeney toured the shelter at 5950 Long Beach Blvd. and alleged there was fraud at the nearly empty shelter, where only 12 of its 78 rooms were being used.

    First to Serve’s other three shelters were 78% to 88% occupied, according to city data, though about one-third of the rooms at the 1725 Long Beach Blvd. site were under construction and are not being used.

    Officials say the city and First to Serve met weekly to review inventory at each shelter, transfer existing case files, and do walkthroughs of each site to make sure everything was accounted for.

    Mayor Rex Richardson, Councilmember Tunua Thrash-Ntuk, and other city officials celebrated the completion of the shelter at 5950 Long Beach Blvd. on Wednesday, Oct 29, 2025. Photo by Thomas R. Cordova. In a memo, the Long Beach health director Alison King said the decision to cut ties with First to Serve was related to the city auditor’s review of “prior administrative documentation” that “is not related to shelter operations.”

    Nevertheless, she wrote, “Based on the findings of that review, the City determined it is in the best interest of the community to move forward with a new service provider for shelter operations.”

    The city’s investigation has been ongoing since October, according to Masero.

    Nobody from First to Serve was immediately available to answer questions late Wednesday night.

  • After successful launch, what's next for the crew

    Topline:

    The Artemis II crew launched Wednesday atop NASA's SLS rocket, which left thick trails of vapor across a clear-blue Florida sky. The four astronauts and their team on the ground are now busy preparing for the challenges that lie ahead.

    The trajectory: The mission is on a flight path that keeps the spacecraft in Earth's gravitational influence past the moon, then falls back to the planet for splashdown. About a day after launch, the spacecraft is set to perform a translunar injection, firing its engine and sending the Artemis II crew members on their lunar journey. The path will take the crew to within about 5,000 miles above the lunar surface. Apollo missions typically orbited the moon under 100 miles (or touched down on the surface)

    Time for science: The astronauts themselves will be the subject of science experiments: Because the crew is going farther into deep space than any human has gone before, researchers are taking this opportunity to study the impact it will have on the human body. Crew members will also lend their eyes for geological research, since they are flying around the far side of the moon, at at altitude offering views that no human has seen before.

    Read on . . . for more on what the journey home will look like for the Artemis II crew.

    For the first time in more than 50 years, astronauts are heading to the moon. The Artemis II crew launched Wednesday atop NASA's SLS rocket, which left thick trails of vapor across a clear-blue Florida sky. The four astronauts and their team on the ground are now busy preparing for the challenges that lie ahead.

    NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch, along with Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen, launched from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, ensconced in an Orion capsule attached to an SLS rocket. The historic mission — the first time in more than half a century that humans have visited the moon — will take them on a 230,000-mile journey around the lunar body and back that will serve as a critical test flight of the Orion spacecraft.

    The nearly 10-day mission will not only test the spacecraft's life-support systems and maneuverability, but conduct critical science ahead of future deep space missions to the lunar surface.

    The trajectory

    The mission is on a flight path that keeps the spacecraft in Earth's gravitational influence past the moon, then falls back to the planet for splashdown. This path, called a free return trajectory, uses less fuel and is less risky than entering a lunar orbit.

    A graphic shows the trajectory of Artemis II.
    This graphic shows key milestones along the Artemis II astronauts' journey around the moon and back.
    (
    NASA
    )

    About a day after launch, the spacecraft is set to perform a translunar injection, firing its engine and sending the Artemis II crew members on their lunar journey.

    The path will take the crew to within about 5,000 miles above the lunar surface. Apollo missions typically orbited the moon under 100 miles (or touched down on the surface).

    "When they pass by the far side of the moon, it'll look like a basketball held at arm's length," said Artemis II mission scientist Barbara Cohen. "It'll be that kind of view."

    Testing, testing

    After separating from the rocket that got them into space, but before heading to the moon, the crew tested the Orion spacecraft closer to home.

    Just hours after entering high-Earth orbit, the crew performed what's known as a proximity operations test — taking manual control of the vehicle to see how it handles in space.

    "We are essentially going to make sure that the vehicle flies the way that we think it does, that we designed it to do," Artemis II pilot Victor Glover said ahead of the launch.

    Controlling the spacecraft will be important for future missions, which will need to dock with a lunar lander in orbit. And while this process is likely going to be automated, NASA wants to know how it handles should astronauts have to take manual control.

    "We also want to give qualitative and quantitative feedback to the ground team, so letting them know what it feels like now that we can hear and feel the thrusters, and to just understand the human experience," said Glover.

    Near the end of the maneuver, the pilot appeared to give the vehicle high marks.

    "Overall guys, this flies very nicely," he told team members on the ground.

    Time for science

    The astronauts themselves will be the subject of science experiments: Because the crew is going farther into deep space than any human has gone before, researchers are taking this opportunity to study the impact it will have on the human body.

    Medical researchers will be collecting data on physiological changes in response to space travel and increased radiation exposure. The astronauts' cells have been placed on tiny chips and distributed throughout the capsule in an effort to understand these effects in greater detail.

    Crew members will also lend their eyes for geological research, since they are flying around the far side of the moon, at at altitude offering views that no human has seen before.

    "They'll be able to see places on the moon that, actually, no human eyes have ever seen before," said Cohen.

    Geologists on Earth trained the crew to spot unique features on the lunar surface, and snap photos of them for further study. (This follows in a time-honored tradition: Apollo astronauts who visited the moon more than a half-century ago were also trained by geologists.) These observations will help them better understand that side of the moon and possibly help plan for a human landing.

    And the mission's high-altitude flyby of the moon gives them a unique perspective.

    "The benefit of that to science, is that kind of like when you're traveling cross country on an airplane, what you can see is a strip of land below you. You don't see the whole globe of the Earth. That's what the Apollo astronauts did," said Cohen. "The Artemis II astronauts will be able to see it from much farther away."

    The mission is also carrying stowaways in the form of CubeSats — tiny satellites bound for high-Earth orbit. The payloads are from Germany, South Korea, Saudi Arabia and Argentina and will study various impacts of space radiation on space hardware, monitor space weather, and how the environment affects electrical hardware bound for the moon.

    Heading home

    As the crew returns home, its capsule will be traveling close to 25,000 miles per hour as it reenters the atmosphere. The friction generated by hitting the atmosphere at that speed will cause the Orion capsule to experience temperatures of close to 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

    The capsule is equipped with a heat shield to protect the astronauts from the intense heat of reentry. During an uncrewed test flight in 2022, NASA discovered unexpected damage to the heat shield. To further protect the crew, the capsule will hit the atmosphere at a much steeper angle than Artemis I, which will limit the time it will experience those harsh conditions.

    Once the spacecraft is past that danger zone, eight parachutes will slow the spacecraft down even more before splashing down in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California. A series of airbags will deploy to make sure the capsule is right side up. A crew at sea will scoop up the astronauts, bringing their mission to a close.

    What's learned on this flight is critical to future Artemis missions. Last week, NASA administrator Jared Isaacman announced plans to increase the frequency of launches to the moon and a plan to establish a permanent base on the lunar surface. That effort begins with Artemis II.

    "It is our strong hope," said Artemis II mission specialist Christina Koch, "that this mission is the start of an era where everyone, every person on Earth, can look at the moon and think of it as also a destination."
    Copyright 2026 NPR

  • Supreme Court seems inclined to rule against Trump

    Topline:

    A majority of the Supreme Court justices seemed skeptical of the Trump administration's argument on birthright citizenship yesterday and appeared ready to rule in favor of upholding automatic citizenship for babies born on U.S. soil.

    Keep reading... for details on the questions posed to lawyers, including conservative justices tough questions for President Donald Trump's solicitor general, D. John Sauer.

    A majority of the Supreme Court justices seemed skeptical of the Trump administration's argument on birthright citizenship Wednesday and appeared ready to rule in favor of upholding automatic citizenship for babies born on U.S. soil.

    That included multiple conservative justices, who had tough questions for Trump's solicitor general, D. John Sauer. Sauer argued the government's case against birthright citizenship, the practice enshrined in the 14th Amendment in the Constitution, which became law in 1868.

    It states: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside."

    Sauer, however, asserted that contrary to the law as understood for 160 years, the 14th Amendment does not confer automatic citizenship on every baby born in the U.S. He told the court that the true meaning of the amendment was to grant citizenship to former slaves and their children, no more. And, therefore, President Trump was well within his rights when he signed an executive order barring citizenship for children born in this country to parents who are illegally here, or who are here legally, but on long-term visas.

    But Chief Justice John Roberts was doubtful about that executive order.

    "The examples you give to support that strike me as very quirky," Roberts told Sauer. "And then you expand it to a whole class of illegal aliens," he continued. "I'm not quite sure how you can get to that big group from such tiny and, sort of, idiosyncratic examples."

    "We're in a new world now," Sauer contended. "A billion people are one plane ride away from having a child who's a U.S. citizen."

    "It's a new world," Roberts replied, but "it's the same Constitution."

    Not seeing a play button? Click here.


    Justice Neil Gorsuch noted that the Trump executive order focuses on parents, but the 14th Amendment focuses on birthright for the child. He asked: how would you know who the father is, or the mother? What if they're unmarried? Whose house do they live in?

    Justice Amy Coney Barrett questioned the practicality of the Trump proposal.

    "How would it work?" she asked. "How would you adjudicate these cases? You're not going to know at the time of birth whether they have the intent to stay or not, including U.S. citizens by the way."

    Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wondered, "So [are] we bringing pregnant women in for depositions? What are we doing to figure this out?"

    The justices also grilled Sauer about the landmark 1898 case of Wong Kim Ark, in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Wong had birthright citizenship, because he was born in the United States. Sauer, however, maintained that Wong was only given birthright citizenship because his parents were legally domiciled in the United States.

    "I think even your brief concedes that the position you're taking now is a revisionist one with respect to a substantial part of our history," Justice Elena Kagan said. "That's, in part, because of Wong Kim Ark and the way people have read that case ever since then."

    Challenging the Trump birthright plan, the American Civil Liberties Union's Cecillia Wang told the Supreme Court that the 14th Amendment was enacted after the Civil War in order to have a universal rule of citizenship, subject to a closed set of exceptions, and that the birthright applies to all children born on U.S. soil.

    "We can't take the current administration's policy considerations into account to try to re-engineer and radically re-interpret the original meaning of the 14th Amendment," Wang argued.

    However, in reference to current perceived immigration problems versus those that existed at the time the 14th Amendment was enacted, Kagan posited: "What do we do if we think we have a new problem that didn't exist at the time of the 14th Amendment?"

    Justice Brett Kavanaugh followed up, asking whether the provisions of the 14th Amendment are frozen in place.

    Yes, replied Wang, because the framers of it were intent on putting the citizenship question out of the reach of Congress.

    The decision, expected by this summer, will almost certainly result in a historic ruling, and Trump himself made his mark at the court Wednesday morning.

    He became the first sitting president known to attend oral arguments, signaling the importance of this issue to him personally.

    After leaving the courtroom before the arguments were over, he wrote on Truth Social, "We are the only Country in the World STUPID enough to allow 'Birthright' Citizenship!" In fact, roughly three dozen countries offer it.

    Trump arrived about 10 minutes before the arguments began, listened to Sauer field the justices' questions for a little over an hour and then left a few minutes after Wang began to make her case.

    Outside the court, dozens of people rallied in support of birthright citizenship

    Volunteers with the ACLU, joined by immigrant rights organizations like CASA and the League of United Latin American Citizens, handed out fliers that read "protect birthright citizenship" and "14th Amendment."

    "We're all out here to protect the fundamental right of birthright citizenship. It's written in the 14th Amendment," said Anu Joshi, a staff member of the ACLU. "It's what makes us America."

    Among the crowd were several people who were citizens by birthright themselves.

    "I am a birthright citizen so this hits really, really close to home because without birthright citizenship I wouldn't even have my citizenship in the United States," said Stephanie Sanchez, a first-generation Mexican-American who came to the rally. "Here I am representing my community and fighting back."

    After the arguments, ACLU Executive Director Anthony Romero told the crowd he felt confident in the way the arguments played out inside.

    "We are fighting for the heart and soul of this country. The fight to protect birthright citizenship is about our neighbors, our families, our kids. It's not about the past, it's about the future," he said. "We will only accept what is just and what is right."

    Largely absent from the crowd were proponents of the president's position.

    Domenico Montanaro, Ximena Bustillo and Anusha Mathur contributed to this story.
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