Erin Stone
is a reporter who covers climate and environmental issues in Southern California.
Updated June 6, 2025 3:57 PM
Published June 5, 2025 2:34 PM
Members of the public can offer comment on proposed appliance rules at the South Coast Air Quality Management District headquarters in Diamond Bar on Friday.
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Andrey Deryabin
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Getty Images/iStockphoto
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Topline:
Southern California air regulators will vote today on two proposed regulations to curb smog and lessen pollution that’s heating up the planet. The rules from the South Coast Air Quality Management District would gradually phase out gas-powered water heaters and furnaces in homes and businesses.
Why it matters: These appliances may be small, but add them up across millions of homes and businesses and they’re actually one of the largest contributors to Southern California’s notorious smog, according to air district officials.
The background: The rules have been in the works for nearly two years and faced lots of pushback from SoCal Gas and other industry partners, citing affordability and strains on the power grid. Environmental advocates say the rules don't go far enough to protect public health.
Read on ... for more on the rules and how to make your voice heard.
Southern California air regulators will vote Friday on two proposed regulations to curb smog and lessen pollution that’s heating up the planet.
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As SoCal air regulators try to phase out polluting appliances, the gas lobby fights back
For nearly two years, the South Coast Air Quality Management District, which regulates air quality across much of L.A., Orange, San Bernardino and Riverside counties, has been working to update rules to phase out gas furnaces and water heaters, as well as incentivize replacing them with less polluting electric appliances, such as heat pumps.
These appliances may be small, but add them up across millions of homes and businesses and they’re actually one of the largest contributors to Southern California’s notorious smog, according to air district officials. A recent data analysis by climate think tank Rocky Mountain Institute found that gas-burning equipment in homes and businesses in Greater L.A. produce seven times more smog-forming pollution than the region’s power plants.
And buildings, mostly because they’re hooked up to methane gas pipes and appliances, account for about a quarter of the state’s planet-heating greenhouse gas emissions, according to state air regulators.
The rules have been controversial — and faced heavy pushback from industry stakeholders.
Environmental advocates say the rules have been watered down significantly and should be stricter, while the gas industry and its partners say the rules will strain the power grid and raise costs for consumers.
What the rules say
Heat pump heyday
Heat pumps can heat or cool your home, as well as heat water. Since 2021, heat pumps have outpaced the sale of gas furnaces in the U.S.
Since the rulemaking process began in 2023, industry stakeholders have scored wins: The rules have gone from an outright mandate to install zero-emission furnaces and water heaters in new homes and buildings, to a significantly extended and more flexible timeline to phase out these appliances.
As initially proposed in October 2024, the rules would have required that all furnaces and water heaters installed in new residential and commercial buildings be zero-emission by 2026, while existing homes and mobile homes had a little more time to make the switch.
The amended proposed rules 1111 and 1121 would require manufacturers to gradually start selling more zero-emissions furnaces and water heaters: a 30% sales target by 2027, 50% in 2029 and eventually 90% in 2036.
The rules no longer mandate that these appliances be zero-emission by a specific date. Instead, if passed, traditional gas-powered appliances would still be sold, but manufacturers would have to pay surcharges for those units, a cost they’re likely to pass on to consumers.
Air district officials say the rules are still the second-largest cut to pollutants of any rule in recent decades.
A brief history of regulating home appliances
Regulating pollution from home appliances is actually nothing new, though it may seem like it ever since gas stoves entered the culture wars. Home appliances have been regulated for efficiency and pollution since the 1970s. The rules regulating pollution from furnaces and water heaters here in Southern California were first put in place in 1978.
SoCal Gas and business groups double down
In recent months, affected manufacturers and utilities such as SoCal Gas, have pushed back hard on the amended rules, in some cases continuing to call them a ban on gas furnaces and water heaters.
In late 2024, a campaign by industry stakeholders to oppose the amended rules began in earnest, according to records obtained by the Energy and Policy Institute and shared with LAist. Industry groups emailed politicians and government councils with pre-written opposition letters and talking points to reject the rules.
“This is one of the largest efforts by SoCal Gas and other gas-affiliated organizations to delay a rule,” said Charlie Spatz, a researcher with the watchdog think tank.
“It's a lot of the same tactics, which is trying to delay the process and submit as many opposition comments as possible to intimidate the regulators,” Spatz said.
For example, SoCal Gas employees and consultants from BizFed, a coalition of local business and trade groups, sent a flurry of “urgent” requests to local public officials before an AQMD meeting in December, according to the records Spatz shared with LAist:
Dec. 9: A SoCal Gas employee emailed a member of the Ontario City Council asking her to testify at the meeting, sending along SoCal Gas talking points. The rules are “essentially prohibiting the sale and installation of natural gas appliances,” the SoCal Gas employee wrote. The councilmember did end up testifying.
Dec. 17: a SoCal Gas employee emailed a city of Norco official, asking her to testify or submit a letter opposing the rules. He included a sample letter in the email and city officials replied with the opposition letter he’d sent.
That BizFed consultant also drafted a resolution for cities to pass. It misleadingly referred to the older version of the rules. Chino Hills, La Verne, Loma Linda and the San Bernardino Council of Governments ended up passing those resolutions, which incorrectly called the updated proposed rules a “ban” on natural gas furnaces and water heaters.
South Coast AQMD received more than 14,500 comments about the rules. Citing the misinformation regarding a “ban” in many of the letters, staff put together a “myths versus facts” explainer in response.
“Many that opposed the proposed amended rules because they believe the proposed rules will require them to replace their existing NOx-emitting gas units with electric units, including their stoves,” staff wrote in their report for the district board. (Nitrogen oxides, or NOx, are pollutants that contribute to the formation of smog.) “This is in large part due to misinformation provided by outside groups, implying the proposed rules are still a mandate and consumers will not be able to purchase NOx-emitting gas units.”
Bizfed president David Englin defended the effort.
"The end game is a ban," Englin told LAist. "If the goal is ultimately zero emissions, there are a variety of ways to accomplish that, but it really comes down to who pays. We support an all-of-the-above approach."
Ultimately the lobbying and thousands of comments received about the proposed rules delayed the vote by more than four months.
SoCal Gas says the effort is a normal part of the rule proposal process and that the rules could usurp federal law, which is what industry trade groups have argued in an ongoing lawsuit filed by trade groups against the AQMD about a similar law focused on other gas appliances, such as stoves.
“SoCal Gas’ stakeholder engagement and outreach efforts on this topic are a regular part of any rulemaking process where we share information that could affect Southern California customers,” a spokesperson for the utility wrote in an emailed statement to LAist.
On Thursday afternoon, a federal prosecutor threatened to sue the AQMD if it passed the rules.
"California regulators are on notice: If you pass illegal bans or penalties on gas appliances, we’ll see you in court," U.S. Attorney Bill Essayli wrote in a post on X. "The law is clear — feds set energy policy, not unelected climate bureaucrats."
The board of the AQMD is made up of 10 elected officials plus three members appointed by state elected officials.
Erin Stone
is a reporter who covers climate and environmental issues in Southern California.
Published February 2, 2026 3:57 PM
Water companies that serve Altadena lost thousands of customers in the Eaton Fire.
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Mario Tama
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Getty Images
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Topline:
Water companies that serve much of Altadena are expected to hold public meetings this week to discuss how they’ll rebuild and stay in business after the Eaton Fire reduced many of their customers’ homes to ash. Two out of the three mutual water companies in the area are holding public meetings this week to discuss raising rates.
The background: Last year’s fires not only destroyed homes and businesses, but also critical infrastructure, such as water delivery systems. Rebuilding that infrastructure is particularly challenging in unincorporated areas such as Altadena, which is primarily served by three tiny, private water companies — Las Flores (more on their situation here), Rubio Cañon and Lincoln Avenue water companies. Unlike public utilities, these private, not-for-profit companies have less access to state and federal funding resources to rebuild, so customers are likely going to have to foot much of the bill. Customers of these companies are actually co-owners, called shareholders. Each is governed by its own set of bylaws.
Complications: All of Altadena’s water agencies have sued Southern California Edison, accusing it of responsibility for the Eaton Fire, but the result and timeline of such lawsuits remain uncertain. In turn, Edison has sued the water companies (among others), claiming they didn’t provide enough water for firefighters during the fire.
Rubio Cañon Land and Water Association: Rubio Cañon Land and Water Association served about 9,600 people in Altadena but, after the Eaton Fire, about 30% of that customer base is now made up of empty lots. While insurance is covering much of the most critical infrastructure repairs, the company faces a $1.95 million revenue shortfall.
Its proposal: To close the budget gap, the company is proposing an 11% rate hike, plus a “fire recovery charge” between $10 and $30 a month.
What about merging with other water companies? While Lincoln and Las Flores water companies have submitted paperwork to the state to study consolidation, Rubio Cañon has rejected being part of the effort. “Such consolidation could trigger a 7-12 year state process and significant shareholder costs, as Altadena is not classified as a disadvantaged community to qualify for the full menu of state resources,” the company wrote in its update ahead of this week’s meeting, calling such consolidation discussions “premature” and “unproductive.”
Upcoming board meeting: The board will hear from the public about the proposal at a meeting at 5 p.m. Tuesday at the Altadena Community Center. Attendees will have to prove they're a customer. More details here.
Lincoln Avenue Water Company: Lincoln Avenue served more than 16,000 people in Altadena before the Eaton Fire. Now, about 58% of its customers and revenue are gone. Although the company says it has sufficient reserves and is not facing bankruptcy in the near term, it has decided to raise water bills by $15 a month for existing customers. To improve its long term resilience, the company is also considering merging with Las Flores water company, but that will take time.
Upcoming board meetings: The board will discuss the rate hike at a special meeting at 5:30 p.m. Thursday at the Loma Alta Park Community Room. The meeting is open to shareholders only.
Destiny Torres
is LAist's general assignment and digital equity reporter.
Published February 2, 2026 3:24 PM
The 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan begin Friday, and eight athletes have roots in Southern California.
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Luca Bruno
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AP
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Topline:
The 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan begin Friday and eight athletes have roots in Southern California, including Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino counties.
Read on … for a full rundown on the SoCal’s Olympic athletes.
The 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan begin Friday and eight athletes have roots in Southern California, including Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino counties.
Team USA’s 232-member roster includes 21 athletes from California. The Winter Games begin Feb. 6 and end on Feb. 22.
What about the 2026 Paralympics? The Milano Cortina 2026 Paralympics will start on March 6 and run through March 15. Not all qualifying athletes have been announced yet.
You can watch the games starting Friday on NBC and streaming on Peacock.
Keep up with LAist.
If you're enjoying this article, you'll love our daily newsletter, The LA Report. Each weekday, catch up on the 5 most pressing stories to start your morning in 3 minutes or less.
Jordan Rynning
holds local government accountable, covering city halls, law enforcement and other powerful institutions.
Published February 2, 2026 3:21 PM
The LAPD deployed munitions and mounted units.
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Spencer Platt
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Getty Images
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Topline:
A federal judge banned LAPD from using 40mm projectiles at protests last month, but researcher Scott Reynhout of the nonprofit Physicians for Human Rights says the department still utilizes other crowd control weapons that can be just as dangerous — if not more so.
Why it matters: Local, state and federal law enforcement agencies have used thousands of crowd control weapons against protesters in L.A. since June 2025, when federal immigration raids began escalating tensions in the region. Many people who were never accused of breaking the law have still been struck by what are known as “less-lethal” crowd-control weapons, including rubber bullets, tear gas and flash bang grenades.
The most dangerous crowd control weapons: The LAPD uses a 37mm launcher that is inherently risky, Reynhout said. Even though the 37mm rubber bullets are smaller than the 40mm projectiles the LAPD was banned from using at protests, they are more likely to hit sensitive areas like the face and neck because they fire multiple projectiles in each shell.
Read on... for more on the crowd control weapons used by local law enforcement agencies.
Local, state and federal law enforcement agencies have reported using thousands of crowd control munitions against protesters in L.A. since June 2025, when federal immigration sweeps began escalating tensions in the region.
Many people who were never accused of breaking the law nonetheless have been struck by what are known as “less-lethal” crowd control weapons, including rubber bullets, tear gas and flash bang grenades.
While a federal judge banned the LAPD from using 40mm projectiles at protests last month, the department still uses other crowd control weapons. According to Scott Reynhout, who researches these weapons for Physicians for Human Rights, a nonpartisan nonprofit, some of these weapons can be just as dangerous as the banned projectiles — if not more so.
LAist spoke with Reynhout to better understand what they do and how people protesting lawfully can protect themselves.
Reynhout said it's very important that people pay attention if law enforcement declares an unlawful assembly, which they are required to do before using crowd control weapons in most cases.
“ If the police have declared an illegal assembly, it would behoove you to take steps to isolate yourself from that particular situation,” Reynhout said. “If that is not possible for you, for whatever reason — say, you live in the particular area where you are — then you could consider [protecting] yourself from chemical irritants or potentially from impact projectiles.”
Some of the most dangerous crowd control weapons used in L.A.
Physicians for Human Rights’ international study, Lethal in Disguise, found weapons that fire multiple projectiles at once were “far and away the most dangerous” type of crowd control weapons.
"82% of all the recorded injuries in the medical literature that came from impact projectiles were from ... multiple projectile impact projectiles,” Reynhout told LAist. “And 96% of all the ocular injuries from impact projectiles were from these multiple projectile impact projectiles."
He said the LAPD is the only police department in the U.S. he is aware of that uses this type of weapon. The department uses a 37mm less-lethal launcher (LLM) that shoots five rubber bullets with each shell.
According to reports required by Assembly Bill 48, the department used more than 600 of these shells — that’s over 3,000 projectiles — against anti-ICE protesters last June. They have continued to report using the 37mm launcher, most recently to disperse crowds after the Dodgers World Series win on Nov. 2, according to AB 48 reports.
The 37mm launcher is inherently risky, Reynhout said. Even though the 37mm rubber bullets are smaller than the 40mm projectiles the LAPD was banned from using at protests, they are more likely to hit sensitive areas like the face and neck.
The use of multiple projectiles causes the 37mm projectiles to scatter in a cone shape once they leave the launcher, making them much more difficult to control than a single projectile. He said LAPD’s policy of “skip firing,” which means officers are instructed to aim 5 to 10 feet in front of the person they are shooting at, also adds randomness.
A diagram showing LAPD's policy of "skip firing" the 37mm less-lethal launcher at targets.
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LAPD Use of Force Directive
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“ The real risk behind these multi-shot impact projectiles,” he said, “is that you just really don't have any control over where these bullets go in the end.”
Reynhout said people standing beside or behind the intended target could very easily get hit, which he believes was likely the case when Australian reporter Lauren Tomasi was struck in the leg by a rubber bullet in June.
[Note: LAist correspondent Adolfo Guzman-Lopez was struck in the throat by a projectile at a 2020 protest. Long Beach police later said they believed that injury was caused by a ricochet of a foam round.]
LAist reached out to LAPD for comment on their use of the 37mm launcher, but the department did not respond.
Another type of crowd control weapon found to be especially dangerous is the use of beanbag rounds, usually fired from a 12-gauge shotgun. These rounds fire small lead pellets sealed in a fabric bag.
Reynhout said the use of these rounds can be “horrific” and leave people with life-threatening injuries.
According to LAPD policy, beanbag rounds are not allowed to be used for crowd control, but other agencies have used them. The California Highway Patrol reported using beanbag rounds against anti-ICE protesters last June.
If you find yourself in a situation where projectiles are being deployed, Reynhout advises focusing on protecting your face and eyes. That’s where the most serious injuries occur.
Reynhout said ballistic eyewear that meets military standards (MIL-PRF-32432) could offer protection against some of the most severe injuries.
He said the 40mm or 37mm projectiles can be similar to getting hit by a golf ball by someone swinging just 6 feet away, and while things like bike helmets, paintball masks, hockey masks or even soft body armor might help to some degree, they aren’t designed to protect someone from that kind of impact.
What you may most likely be affected by: Chemical agents
Chemical agents like tear gas and pepper spray are crowd control weapons that saturate an area and affect everyone in it, Reynhout told LAist, and that includes people who may not even be part of a demonstration.
He said you should be especially aware of these weapons being used near you if you have asthma or any airway or respiratory system issues because they can provoke severe reactions in some cases.
In their report, Reynhout and other researchers found that children and older people are also at risk of severe reactions, which could be life-threatening.
There is gear on the market to mitigate those risks, including sealed safety goggles and respirators (N-, P- or R-100). If you find yourself exposed to a chemical irritant like tear gas or pepper spray, Reynhout said there is nothing shown to be more effective than flushing the area for 10 to 15 minutes with saline solution.
The saline solution should ideally be sterile and at body temperature, he told LAist, but plain water also works if that is what you have available. The important thing is that you continue to flush the area and dilute the chemicals.
For skin or clothing, Reynhout said dilution with water is still the key, but you can use some Dawn dish soap to help wash away pepper spray.
Other dangers
California law enforcement officers have also used flash bang grenades in response to protests since June. The L.A. County Sheriff’s Department and California Highway Patrol together used more than 300 aerial flash bang grenades on June 8, according to AB 48 reports. Those are crowd control munitions shot out of 40mm launchers that explode mid-air and create 170 dB of sound and 5 million candelas of light.
LAist asked the LAPD about their policy on using flash bang grenades for crowd control, but the department did not respond. The LAPD has not listed any uses of flash bang grenades in their AB 48 reports dating back to April 2024.
Aside from these, there are a number of other crowd control weapons and devices that are used by law enforcement agencies in the L.A. area: grenades that explode to release small rubber balls, pepper balls, batons or — unique to the LAPD — officers on horseback using wooden practice swords called “bokken.”
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Reynhout said deciding how much protection you might choose to take with you to a protest is very personal. Some bulkier items might restrict your movement, cause you to overheat or impede your ability to maintain situational awareness, so it is important to consider what risks you may face and use your best judgement.
Sometimes, he said, that best judgment might be to walk away from the situation.
Replay: LA Mayor Karen Bass deliver annual address
Libby Rainey
is a general assignment reporter. She covers the news that shapes Los Angeles and how people change the city in return.
Published February 2, 2026 3:07 PM
L.A. Mayor Karen Bass delivers her 2026 State of the City address.
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Screenshot of YouTube stream
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Topline:
L.A. Mayor Karen Bass laid out her vision for Los Angeles at her first of two "State of the City" addresses Monday afternoon at Exposition Park. The speech, which comes as her race for re-election ramps up, was framed as a celebration of the coming World Cup.
Why now: Bass made the remarks at the L.A. Memorial Coliseum, which will host a FIFA Fan Festival June 11-15 to coincide with the start of the tournament.
Read on... for what what she said in the annual "State of the City" address.
L.A. Mayor Karen Bass laid out her vision for Los Angeles at her first of two "State of the City" addresses Monday afternoon at Exposition Park.
"Let's show the nation and the world we are the greatest city on earth," Bass told the crowd outside the L.A. Memorial Coliseum.
But the mayor moved quickly from announcing that there would be more than 100 free watch parties for the tournament into a retrospective of L.A.'s terrible 2025 — from the January fires to the immigration agents that descended on the city in June and haven't left.
"Raids continue every day in Los Angeles and with them have come the devastating losses of life," she said, naming Renee Good, Alex Pretti and Keith Porter Jr., who was shot by an off-duty ICE agent in Los Angeles on New Year's Eve. " This senseless death, lawlessness and violence must end and so must the presence of ICE in Los Angeles."
Bass described local leaders as the last line of defense against the actions of the federal government.
L.A.’s fire recovery
She also discussed the ongoing recovery of Pacific Palisades, where she has faced substantial criticism for the city's response to the fire and first year of rebuilding, which some residents say has been too slow.
" We've brought in new leadership to overhaul fire preparedness and emergency response," Bass said, referencing her decision to remove former fire chief Kristin Crowley. "And yes, we're fighting the next battle: holding financial institutions and the insurance industry from abandoning Los Angeles because recovery should never feel harder than the disaster itself."
Bass said 400 homes lost to the fire are currently under construction, and that she would travel to Sacramento next week with Councilmember Traci Park and Pacific Palisades residents to push for more state funding for recovery. The Palisades Fire destroyed nearly 7,000 homes and killed 12 people.
The mayor's response to the Palisades Fire is a key issue in her race for re-election. Two of Bass's challengers, former LAUSD Superintendent Austin Beutner and influencer Spencer Pratt, had their homes damaged or destroyed in the disaster.
Housing and homelessness
Bass then laid out her efforts around housing and homelessness, pointing to an affordability crisis that makes staying in stable housing, or buying a first home, out of reach for many Angelenos.
"The greatest test of L.A. is whether people can actually afford to live here year across Los Angeles," the mayor said in her address. "Too many neighbors are packing multiple families into one apartment are working two and three jobs just to stay housed."
Bass then turned to homelessness, doubling down on her commitment to her signature "Inside Safe" program, which aims to move people off the streets and into interim housing. She said that the city had cleared nearly 120 encampments.
Bass focused on the fight to end homelessness for veterans in Los Angeles — a focus she said was interrupted by the 2025 fires. She said the city had issued 600 housing vouchers for veterans since last year.
She ended the speech where she started — talking about the city's role as host of the World Cup and 2028 Olympic Games.
" We will continue to focus on the fundamentals, the things that shape how a city feels to the people who live here and the millions who will visit," she said.
