The Brief

When Conan O’Brien joked while hosting the 2025 Oscars that “we did not use AI to make this show,” it was an obvious reference to the selective use of artificial intelligence in Oscar-nominated films like A Complete Unknown, The Brutalist and Emilia Pérez.

But plenty of people in Hollywood are using AI for much more than altering actors' voices and stunt doubles’ faces — especially in animation.

“It's easier to replicate something that looks unreal than it is to replicate something that looks real,” said Alex Hirsch, the creator of Disney’s Gravity Falls. “Animation is unreal, therefore, it'll be easier to replicate something that approximates animation sooner than it is to replicate something that approximates live action.”

How AI is used in animation

One of the reasons AI may make in-roads into animation first is that currently, many live action films made with AI struggle to portray human characters convincingly — what’s known as “uncanny valley.” But if the main character is an animal, a cartoon person or an alien, it avoids this problem.

The process of greenlighting an animated movie or TV show is also intensely visual, and studio executives want to see a character or a world before approving a show, explained Ashley Cullins, who writes The Dealmakers column for The Ankler. Using AI to spitball character design, “ helps you get to proof of concept faster,” she said, speeding up a process that can be very labor, time and cost intensive.

Once there is a script, a producer could use AI could to replace a team of storyboard artists, who illustrate shots and create a blueprint for what will be filmed, with a single artist curating the output of an AI tool.

“I would never say that image generators are necessarily better than what my colleagues or I do,” said Sam Tung, a storyboard artist who serves on the AI task force and the negotiation committee for the Animation Guild. But, he added, “they're certainly faster and, at least right now, they look like they're cheaper.”

However, many animators lament how unoriginal many AI-generated images are.

"These things are only working because they went on the internet and they scraped all of our portfolios — every movie, every comic book, whatever. Like every image that any of us have ever created is what's used to power this stuff," Tung said.

Artists, writers and other entertainment groups have filed multiple AI-related lawsuits alleging copyright infringement that are working their way through the courts. And animators worry that by using AI for visual development and character design, animation studios will end up imitating existing characters rather than inventing something truly new.

"The point of art is a human communicating a feeling to another human, not an algorithm amassing a slurry of thoughts other humans have had before and reproducing a generic, predetermined outcome," Hirsch said.

AI and the Hollywood strikes

Because of the timing of when Open AI released Chat GPT in late 2022, concerns about AI became core to the writers and actors strikes in 2023. Animators, who were set to begin negotiating their own contract with the studios the next year, followed the strikes closely.

Screenwriters were concerned that they were going to be handed a script written by Chat GPT, and told to revise it, depriving them of a writing credit and earning them less money than if they’d written it completely themselves. They also worried studios would use AI to write scripts in their style.

Actors were more concerned by the potential of text-to-image AI generators like DALL-E and Midjourney. They worried studios could use their face and voice to place them in a scene they did not actually act out, without their consent and without compensation.

Ultimately, both the writers and the actors won key protections on AI. The Writers Guild of America’s contract prevents studios from forcing writers to use AI, ensures AI will not be considered the author of a script, and prevents writers’ previous work from being used to train AI.

SAG-AFTRA, the actors’ union, won the protection that a studio cannot use an AI generated image of performers’ faces or voices without permission and without compensating them, including after their death.

What the animators got

But, unlike the screenwriters union, the Animation Guild wasn’t able to prevent studios from insisting that an animator use AI. Instead, they won the assurance that producers will meet with animators to discuss the use of AI and possible alternatives. The contract also doesn't allow animators to opt out of letting AI models train themselves on their art, which is something the writers won.

Some animators were pretty disappointed with their union’s contract, which passed with 76% of members voting for it.

“I am absolutely aware of animation studios that have fired workers in visual development because they realize they can get way more visual development using Midjourney, for example, and then just have one or two artists curating the work,” Hirsch said, adding that the contract “does nothing” to prevent this.

Copyright protections?

For now, studios remain hesitant to use AI to create the final versions of animated films, because the U.S. Copyright Office has ruled that AI-generated material cannot be granted a copyright except “where a human author has determined sufficient expressive elements.”

And if a studio doesn’t own the rights to an animated character, that could jeopardize their ability to profit off of their film through toy sales, for example, or could open them up to lawsuits by other artists alleging copyright theft.

To listen to the Imperfect Paradise episode, click below.

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Hollywood taught us to be afraid of a super powerful artificial intelligence that will one day conquer humanity. So not surprisingly, many screenwriters and actors are very skeptical of AI, and concerns about AI were central to the Hollywood labor strikes in 2023. But animators may actually be the most at risk of losing their jobs to AI.


In this episode, we’ll talk about why the first AI generated movies you will see will likely be animated, and what it means for the people who make them, and for everyone else in Hollywood.

How AI Became a Hollywood Villain – Especially for Animators

Hollywood taught us to be afraid of a super powerful artificial intelligence that will one day conquer humanity. So not surprisingly, many screenwriters and actors are very skeptical of AI, and concerns about AI were central to the Hollywood labor strikes in 2023. But animators may actually be the most at risk of losing their jobs to AI.


In this episode, we’ll talk about why the first AI generated movies you will see will likely be animated, and what it means for the people who make them, and for everyone else in Hollywood.

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Updated January 03, 2026 at 05:50 AM ET

President Donald Trump claimed overnight that the United States carried out airstrikes in Venezuela and captured President Nicolás Maduro, following a series of explosions and fires reported around Caracas in the early hours of the morning.

In a post on Truth Social published early Saturday morning, Trump said the U.S. had "successfully carried out a large-scale strike against Venezuela and its leader, President Nicolas Maduro," adding that Maduro and his wife had been captured and flown out of the country. Trump said the operation was conducted "in conjunction with U.S. Law Enforcement" and announced a news conference for 11 a.m.EST at Mar-a-Lago.

The Venezuelan government swiftly accused the United States of launching what it called a "grave military aggression" against the country. In a statement posted on Telegram, the government said U.S. forces targeted civilian and military locations in Caracas as well as in the nearby states of Miranda, Aragua, and La Guaira, calling the alleged attack a "flagrant violation" of the United Nations Charter.

Videos circulating on social media platforms and first-person accounts indicate the blasts began around 2 a.m. local time (1 a.m. EST).

A journalist in Caracas told NPR they woke up to two explosions at La Carlota military airport, located across the street from their home. They saw two fires on the runway that were quickly extinguished. Immediately afterward, they reported hearing similar detonations in other parts of the city and planes flying low over Caracas for at least an hour.

Pedestrians run after explosions and low-flying aircraft were heard in Caracas, Venezuela, Saturday, Jan. 3, 2026.

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Matias Delacroix

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Relatives later shared videos — which NPR has not independently verified — showing multiple explosions across the metropolitan area, including near a military base close to the presidential palace, Miraflores.

The explosions come as the United States has been increasing pressure on the government of Nicolás Maduro. The Trump administration has accused Maduro of leading a drug-trafficking organization known as the Cartel de los Soles, or Cartel of the Suns.

Since late August, the U.S. has deployed aircraft carriers and warships to the Caribbean. The U.S. military has struck dozens of small boats in the Caribbean and the Pacific it claimed were transporting drugs toward the U.S. At least 115 people have been killed in at least 35 known strikes on the vessels.

Maduro has repeatedly accused Washington of attempting to remove him from power in order to gain access to Venezuela's vast oil reserves, among the largest in the world.

Regional reaction has been swift. Cuba's President Miguel Díaz-Canel, a close ally of Venezuela that depends heavily on its oil, denounced the attack as "criminal." Colombia's President Gustavo Petro said his forces are deploying to the Venezuelan border and promised additional support "in the event of a massive influx of refugees." By contrast, Argentina's President Javier Milei, a Trump ally, praised the operation, posting on X: "Freedom lives."

Copyright 2026 NPR

LACC Swap Meet has been running in Los Angeles City College’s parking lot for nearly 30 years, but one of its owners says city officials are trying to destroy the business to support street vendors.

The owners are suing the city of L.A. for allegedly interfering with business and contractual relations at the swap meet. They claim the problems stem from Councilmember Hugo Soto-Martinez, who they say blocked sidewalk vending enforcement and other requests for help from the owners.

If they succeed with the lawsuit, which was filed in L.A. County Superior Court last week, they are asking for more than $30 million in damages.

Soto-Martinez told LAist he wants a solution for street vendors and the swap meet.

L.A. City Attorney’s Office did not immediately respond to LAist’s requests for comment.

Why the lawsuit is happening

According to the lawsuit, the swap meet owners claim that Soto-Martinez has a “personal vendetta” against the swap meet’s co-owner, Phillip Dane, and is trying to get him removed from managing the swap meet.

They allege that Soto-Martinez used his influence to allow the vendors to keep working outside the venue even though city law prohibits them from doing so near swap meets.

“The vendors were encouraged to do this and were even assisted in doing this, by the City and its officials, including City Councilmember Hugo Soto-Martinez,” the lawsuit reads.

It also says Dane called the Los Angeles Police Department multiple times to respond to problems with the street vendors, but his requests were blocked. His applications for temporary parking restrictions were denied as well.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several vendors left the then-closed swap meet to set up on the sidewalk. As LAist reported, many didn’t return to the swap meet after it reopened, choosing to stay outside the college.

Some claimed Dane harassed them for doing so.

Sidewalk vending near L.A. City College has grown since then. Dane told LAist vendors are now on Marathon and Monroe streets, as well as Madison and Vermont avenues — too close to the college, he said.

Dane has asked the city to make the vendors move, which has upset some residents in the community. Since taking over, he’s faced allegations of being a gentrifier against street vendors.

Dane disagrees.

“Show me. How am I anti-street vending? By asking a vendor to please not set up right in front of the swap meet because you’re hurting your friends?” he told LAist.

The lawsuit claims that street vendors, led by Soto-Martinez, have left trash on the property and caused other problems creating “several million dollars” in damages each year.

The excessive foot traffic and cars drew away business, according to the lawsuit, lowering profits for the swap meet. It also says the owners have paid lower rent as a result, which Dane said has been happening for three years. Their rent is an unfixed amount based on profits.

The councilmember’s reaction

Nick Barnes-Batista, a spokesperson for Soto-Martinez, said his office wasn’t aware of the lawsuit until LAist reached out Friday.

The councilmember didn’t respond to specific claims in the suit but told LAist in a statement that as a son of street vendors, he understands the role they play in culture and the economy.

“It’s essential to bring together residents, vendors from inside and outside the swap meet, and LACC to build a system that supports safe vending while respecting the needs of the local community and the swap meet itself,” he said.

No court dates have yet been scheduled.

Members of a University of Southern California program are developing an AI program meant to help law enforcement agencies improve their interactions with the communities they serve.

The Everyday Respect Project partnered with the Los Angeles Police Department to analyze body camera footage of 1,000 random traffic stops. Now, they are using what they have found to train an AI model to look through countless hours of videos for critical elements of good policing — respect and de-escalation.

Benjamin Graham is an associate professor of political science at USC and helps to manage the project, which is being conducted by a team of professors, students and members of the community.

 ”LAPD conducts, give or take, a thousand stops a day,” Graham told LAist. He said those stops lead to thousands upon thousands of hours of body camera footage.

In most cases, Graham said, the body camera videos are uploaded to the cloud and never seen. He said only an automated program could sort through this rich source of data, analyze it and reveal the stories it holds.

With AI able to look through this data, Graham said police and sheriffs departments across the country could identify officers who are best able to communicate respectfully during traffic stops to be given promotions or training positions. They also could find the best techniques for officers to bring down the temperature in high-stress situations.

Georgetown University, the University of California, Riverside, and the University of Texas at Austin also are working with USC on the project.

What they’ve found so far

Graham told LAist researchers spoke with a wide range of community stakeholders, including community organizations that are critical of law enforcement and working police officers, to understand different perspectives of what separates a good traffic stop from a bad one.

They heard from thousands of Angelenos through surveys and interviews, reviewed LAPD training materials and rode along with officers on the streets. Graham said they focused on those diverse community perspectives throughout the project.

“ We have former law enforcement officers who are annotating this data,” he told LAist. “We have individuals who have been arrested before, and we have a lot of Angelenos from ... a range of ages, races, genders, professional backgrounds.”

Graham presented some of the Everyday Respect Project’s findings to the L.A. Board of Police Commissioners on Dec. 16.

He said researchers involved in the project analyzed 500 traffic stops in which LAPD officers conducted searches of the drivers they pulled over and another 500 stops in which there were no searches.

They found in cases when no search was conducted, some drivers were treated differently by officers based on their perceived race and wealth.

Researchers found that Black drivers were treated with more respect than Hispanic drivers. White drivers were pulled over least often, and the researchers did not find a significant difference between how white and non-white drivers were treated.

Of drivers who were stopped by police but weren’t searched, the researchers found those who were perceived as more wealthy also were treated with more respect by officers.

They did not find significant differences in how drivers were treated due to perceived race or wealth in stops in which searches were conducted.

Across all stops, the researchers found the more respect they perceived an officer showing to a driver they pulled over, the more legitimate the researchers would tend to rate the stop overall.

The LAPD has not responded to LAist’s request to comment on these findings.

Training AI to tell good traffic stops from bad

After analyzing and manually taking detailed notes on the first 1,000 traffic stops, Graham said the researchers are using what they’ve found to build an AI tool that can do the same thing — but is able to cover vastly more data and is accessible free of charge for any law enforcement agency.

To do this, Graham said team members use their notes as training data for the AI model.

By having humans label a number of things that happened or didn’t happen in videos of traffic stops, Graham told LAist, the AI model they are developing can learn to predict what humans will say about other videos.

“You're trying to train a model to do the same job that a human being does when it watches the video,” he said.

These notes include things like whether a search happened and at what time, whether officers explained the reason for the stop, if the driver complied with requests from the officer and any efforts by officers to de-escalate tense situations.

Graham said other companies have been working on AI tools to sell to departments, as well, but that the Everyday Respect Project is unique in its effort to build community perspectives into the program that will be fully open-source and open-science.

That means anyone can see exactly how the program works and the research behind it.

What could be coming next?

Graham said the Everyday Respect Project will be working through the winter and spring to improve the AI model and use it to analyze more LAPD bodycam videos. Then they will present their new findings to the police commissioners and release their AI model to the public.

It still is uncertain whether LAPD will use the Everyday Respect Project’s AI program once it is completed, but Captain Shannon White of LAPD’s Strategic Planning and Policies Division told the police commission Dec. 16 that the department looks forward to using the group’s research to spark “actionable change within the department.”

The LAPD has not responded to LAist’s questions about whether or how it will use the AI program once it is made available.

Graham told LAist other departments have shown interest in continuing to work with the Everyday Respect Project and the program in the future.

He said they may soon be working with the Rochester Police Department in New York on a trial to find the most effective de-escalation techniques for officers.

“ That's an incredible piece of learning that we can bring to improve policing, to improve officer safety, community safety, the whole nine yards,” Graham told LAist.

As of January, California is the first state in the country to partner with a nonprofit to develop, produce and sell its own insulin as a solution to the widespread unaffordability of the life-saving hormone that helps the body process or store blood sugar from food.

The nonprofit Civica will develop a CalRx Insulin Glargine pen – referred to as “biosimilar insulin,” meaning it references a U.S. Food & Drug Administration-approved product and has no “clinically meaningful differences from their reference product in terms of safety, purity, and potency.”

This CalRx pen can be substituted for Lantus and other branded insulin glargine, according to a spokesperson from the state’s Department of Health Care Access and Information (HCAI).

“California didn’t wait for the pharmaceutical industry to do the right thing — we took matters into our own hands,” Gov. Gavin Newsom said in an October news release about the CalRx insulin. “No Californian should ever have to ration insulin or go into debt to stay alive — and I won’t stop until health care costs are crushed for everyone.”

CalRx aims to be another competitor in the field by introducing a lower-cost alternative — and possibly put “pressure on other manufacturers to lower their prices as well.”

According to the state and Civica, the suggested retail price is:

• No more than $30 for a 10mL vial of insulin
• No more than $55 for a 5-pack of 3 mL pens

According to the HCAI spokesperson in an email to KQED, the “out-of-pocket cost may be lower, depending on insurance coverage.”

Advocates for people with diabetes see the production as a win.

“We look forward to the rollout of CalRx® insulin in January,” said Christine Fallabel, director of state government affairs at the American Diabetes Association, in an email to KQED. “Any meaningful step to improve insulin affordability and provide additional options is a win for people with diabetes.”

Fallabel also pointed to the recent passage of Senate Bill 40 — which prohibits high copayments for a month’s supply of insulin — as another state decision that helps with accessibility.

The initiative could provide major financial relief for nearly 3.5 million Californians who have been diagnosed with diabetes, a majority of whom have Type II diabetes – where the body cannot use insulin correctly. Type 1 is when the body produces little to no insulin.

Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes can impact energy levels and organ functions. Insulin shots – or, in some cases, diabetes pills – help with major body functions. The National Diabetes Statistics Report found that 38.4 million people have diabetes – almost 12% of the country’s population.

Read on to learn more about changes to the price of insulin in California, how prescriptions will work and where to find more resources.

What is the predicted price of CalRx Insulin?

Difficulty accessing affordable insulin — specifically buying it — in America is a well-documented and widespread issue due to a market dominated by three major companies.

Insulin is seven to 10 times more expensive in the United States compared to other countries, despite being affordable to produce, according to a 2023 article by the Yale School of Medicine. In fact, it explains that “the same vial of insulin that cost $21 in the U.S. in 1996 now costs upward of $250.”

What should I do if I am paying more than $55?

According to the HCAI spokesperson, “CalRx and Civica cannot mandate the final price to the consumer as this would conflict with antitrust and competition law.”

But the spokesperson stated in the email that Civica is planning to include a QR code on the side of the boxes, so consumers can report if they have paid more than $55 for the product.

“At which point Civica would contact the pharmacy for remediation,” the spokesperson said.

Where can I get CalRx insulin? Do I need a prescription?

You do not need to apply to access the new insulin, and there are no eligibility requirements. You do not need insurance.

“Broad wholesale distribution will allow any California pharmacy to order CalRx insulin glargine,” the state explained in the email. Mail-order pharmacy outreach is still ongoing.

People interested in the CalRx insulin can “ask their pharmacist or doctor if they can switch their prescription to CalRx insulin glargine,” continued the HCAI spokesperson. Since the CalRx insulin is interchangeable with other brand names, you would not need a new doctor’s prescription.

“Health plans will be responsible for communicating about CalRx insulin glargine with their provider and patient networks,” said HCAI.

Can people in other states access it?

According to the HCAI spokesperson, “Yes, Civica Rx’s glargine insulin will be available in other states under Civica Rx’s label.”

Where can I learn more information?

• CalRx website
• CalRx fact sheet
• American Diabetes Association’s Center for Information
• Insulin Basics for Diabetes
• Civica Insulin
• T1International

KQED’s April Dembosky contributed to this report.