Last year, Downtown Los Angeles got exactly 4.72 inches of rain.
That's measly! It's smaller than the screen on an iPhone. Less than the length of your sunglasses. Shorter than an average adult hand. And it's 32 percent of what we normally get.
That makes October 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018 the third driest year since record-keeping began way back in 1877.
Only 2001-2002 and 2006-2007 were worse.
THE SCARY TREND
You read that chart correctly: the three driest years ever in LA's history have all happened in the 21st century, according to the National Weather Service.
Scientists say drought is likely to become more much common in the future as temperatures rise. That's not only because of a lack of rain -- warmer air sucks more moisture from plants and from the ground, intensifying what may already be a dry year.
STORM CLOUDS AHEAD
But climate change is complex. Warmer air, and warmer oceans, can also have the REVERSE effect: intensifying storms. Extremely wet years, like the winter of 2016-2017, are also going to be more likely in the future, according to a studypublished earlier this year by UCLA.
"In a warmer climate, there is more water vapor in the atmosphere," said David Neelin, a climate scientist at UCLA. "When a storm gets going, air converges at low levels carrying more water vapor with it. With more vapor to dump out, the result is more rainfall."
WEATHER WHIPLASH
Essentially, the system is becoming more volatile, said Neil Berg, an associate director of UCLA's Center for Climate Science.
"We might have the same amount of water over a 20 year period, but it's gonna come in really dry years, followed by a really wet year," he said.
Case in point: the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is predicting "above normal" precipitationfor Southern California this winter. That's partially because there is a 70 percent chance of an El Niño event -- a band of warm water in the Pacific Ocean that often means a wetter winter.
SO MUCH FOR BUY LOCAL
Mayor Eric Garcetti has a goalof getting half of the city's water from local sources by 2035. Currently less than a quarter of LA's water supplies are local, a term that includes underground aquifers, captured stormwater, and recycled drinking water.
Long-term volatility could make it hard for the city of LA to meet that goal.
That's because if it doesn't rain, aquifers don't recharge, and runoff doesn't rush down dry river beds, where we can capture it and store it underground.
And when it does rain hard, infrastructure for capturing stormwater is often overwhelmed.
"Being reliant on your own resources is a great idea," Berg said, "but I do think that when you're having more extreme dry and wet years for this region, that does complicate just relying on your local resources."
This story is part of Elemental: Covering Sustainability, a multimedia collaboration between Cronkite News, Arizona PBS, KJZZ, KPCC, Rocky Mountain PBS and PBS SoCal.
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