A look inside the 100-year-old campus where LA County plans to bring dozens of mental health beds

Los Angeles County is making progress on bringing dozens of new mental health beds and supportive housing units to the expansive Metropolitan State Hospital campus in Norwalk.

Run by the state, the psychiatric hospital opened in 1916 and at its peak housed thousands of patients. These days there are only about 800 patients there. With its 162 acres, tree-lined pathways, and boarded up buildings, the place looks like an abandoned city.

An aerial view of Metropolitan State Hospital in Norwalk.

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Bryan Chan / L.A. County

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At a meeting last month, county supervisors voted to sign off on a lease with the state for a portion of the campus. Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a bill last year that cleared the way for the lease.

Now the county plans to begin renovating two of the decaying buildings to make way for 32 treatment beds, thanks to $65 million in Proposition 1 funding from the state.

“We are facing a crisis," said Kyla Coates, senior justice and mental health deputy for Supervisor Janice Hahn’s office. "We cannot have unused empty buildings that are government-owned sitting around. We need to renovate them, reuse them and turn them into places where we can really provide care to those who need it.”

The Metropolitan State Hospital campus.

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Courtesy Supervisor Hahn's office

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Hahn’s office said the Prop 1 funding would allow for the renovation of two buildings on the campus, each housing 16 subacute beds in a locked setting, for a total of 32.

Why 16 beds each? That’s because of a federal law that dates back to the 1960s which had the intent of getting states to move away from the large asylums of the time, some of which had become notorious for inhumane treatment. Known as the Institutions for Mental Disease (IMD) exclusion, it bars any facility focused on treating adults with mental illness from receiving Medicaid dollars if it has more than 16 beds.

How severe is the need?

The so-called subacute beds the county plans to build out are the “most urgent resource need” for the county to address the ongoing behavioral health crisis, according to a February 2024 report from a consulting agency hired by the county.

Estimates vary, but many experts say L.A. County needs hundreds more beds at this treatment level to meet the needs of residents living with serious mental illness.

In all, the plan is to renovate six buildings on the Metropolitan State Hospital Campus, with 50 one-bedroom apartments for permanent supportive housing and 70 interim one-bedroom apartments for people who have mental health needs.

The concept, several years in the making, would allow for what Coates calls a “state of the art mental health community,” where people could move from more intensive treatment to housing all within the same campus.

“This courtyard space is beautiful. We have visions to have outside space where people can gather, watch outside movies, exercise, garden,” Coates told LAist.

Inside one of the buildings at Metro State Hospital.

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Courtesy Supervisor Hahn's office

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Coates said some of the buildings have large windows that she hopes will let a lot of light into large indoor communal spaces. She added that steps will also be taken to preserve the architectural features of the buildings, which have historical landmark status.

Concerns from mental health advocates

“I’m happy that the unused land is being put to use,” Vanessa Ramos of Disability Rights California told LAist.

But Ramos, who has a schizoaffective diagnosis, said she is concerned about transparency any time people are committed institutionally. And Ramos worries that people could languish in a hospitalized setting, so she would like to see the county prioritize the supportive housing on the campus.

“What I would like to see out of the unused land at Metro is for there to really be pairing of treatment beds one-to-one with step down supports, so that there isn’t an influx of these [locked] beds without a place for people to exit to,” Ramos said.

“The stigma is that people living with mental health disabilities don’t recover. And we know that we do recover. We know that people can manage life outside of hospitalization," Ramos added.

In an email, Eve Garrow, Senior Policy Analyst & Advocate with the ACLU of Southern California, said there are also concerns from disability rights advocates that settings like Metropolitan State Hospital could cordon people off from the surrounding community.

“Segregation separates people from their communities, creates an institutional environment that can quickly slip into a culture of discipline and control, and underscores the perceived ‘otherness’ of people with disabilities," Garrow said.

Responding to these concerns, Coates pointed out that the campus is walking distance from bus stops and restaurants and that its location in Norwalk would allow people to access the larger community when they want to.

The county plans to begin construction at the campus next year.