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The Brief

The most important stories for you to know today
  • PCH safety corridor awarded $2.5 million
    Eight people are gathered in front of a microphone standing on a mound of dirt. There are four men of light-skinned tone wearing blue suits, one of them is in the center is wearing a neon orange vest and a white construction hat. A man with dark-skin tone is standing to the right of the man in the neon orange vest, wearing a blue blazer and khaki pants. Two women are also in the group, one with light-skin tone with blonde hair wearing a black blazer and black pants and another with medium-light skin tone with short black hair wearing a black sweater and black pants. Behind the group of people is a yellow school bus.
    California State Transportation Secretary Toks Omishakin (right) stands next to Lee Haber (left), Chief Safety Officer for Caltrans District 7. Omishakin announced Monday the state is making PCH its top safety priority.

    Topline:

    California officials announced that the state has approved a $2.4-million contract with Caltrans for additional safety improvements along the 21-mile stretch of Pacific Coast Highway.

    Why it matters: The announcement comes two months after four Pepperdine students were struck and killed while standing on the side of PCH.

    Read more...for information on what the safety plan includes.

    California transportation officials have announced that $4.2 million will be spent on safety improvements along the 21-mile stretch of Pacific Coast Highway in Malibu months after four Pepperdine students were struck and killed while on the side of the busy roadway.

    California State Secretary of Transportation Toks Omishakin on Monday said the state is going to "double down" and make PCH the top safety project.

    Here's a breakdown of what the Caltrans contract will fund:

    • Optical speed bars
    • 13 safety feedback signs (signs that alert drivers when they are driving over the speed limit)
    • Enhanced striping on curves to warn drivers of upcoming curves, especially along the so-called "Dead Man's Curve" between Carbon Canyon Road and Rambla Vista where the four Pepperdine students died
    • Painting the speed limit on the roadways
    • Refresh signs that designate the PCH safety corridor

    More information on the safety upgrades will be published on the new PCH safety website, which will keep the community updated.

    In addition to safety upgrades, three additional California Highway Patrol officers will be deployed on the roadway to enforce the speed limit starting Jan. 1.

    Omishakin said the state is also looking to increase traffic fines for speeding drivers.

    Go deeper: Traffic Signals On Pacific Coast Highway To Be Installed To Slow Traffic

  • CA's climate agenda faced challenges in 2025
    The burned shell of a home overs on a hit over an empty street.
    Sunset Boulevard House, also known as The Bridges House by architect Robert Bridges, was destroyed by the Palisades Fire.

    Topline:

    The Eaton and Pacific Palisades fires renewed attention to issues such as utility oversight, insurance coverage, and the broader challenges of wildfire planning in a changing climate. But California found pushing its climate agenda forward to be an uphill battle this year: ambitious climate goals faced a hostile federal government economic pressures.

    Agenda setbacks: Anticipating opposition from President Donald Trump, state leaders chose to abandon important clean-air rules before he even took office, including plans to phase out diesel trucks and transition to cleaner trains. Nearing mid-year, Trump and his allies in Congress blocked the state’s clean-car mandate, a blow to emissions reduction plans. By the end of the legislative session, these issues converged, as legislators passed a six-bill deal that included a plan to boost oil drilling, relief for ratepayers who fund wildfire mitigation, and an extension of the now rebranded “cap-and-invest” program.

    Read on... for more on what 2025 delivered on the climate front.

    Days after 2025 began, two fires scorched through Los Angeles neighborhoods, the most destructive in California’s history. The Eaton and Pacific Palisades fires also renewed attention to issues such as utility oversight, insurance coverage, and the broader challenges of wildfire planning in a changing climate. And their harms rippled outward, leaving thousands of low-income workers and immigrants without jobs. 

    But California found pushing its climate agenda forward to be an uphill battle this year: Ambitious climate goals faced a hostile federal government economic pressures.

    Anticipating opposition from President Donald Trump, state leaders chose to abandon important clean-air rules before he even took office, including plans to phase out diesel trucks and transition to cleaner trains. Nearing mid-year, Trump and his allies in Congress blocked the state’s clean-car mandate, a blow to emissions reduction plans.

    Nevertheless, as part of budget negotiations, Gov. Gavin Newsom sought to reauthorize California’s landmark cap-and-trade program, launching a debate that would resolve in the final hours of the legislative session.

    Blaming climate and environmental regulation, Phillips 66 and Valero followed through on plans to shutter oil refineries, raising concerns about gas prices and the future of the state’s oil industry. In Wilmington, Phillips 66 is now closed. A high-profile explosion at Chevron’s El Segundo refinery nearby underscored persistent safety and environmental risks tied to remaining facilities.

    By the end of the legislative session, these issues converged, as legislators passed a six-bill deal that included a plan to boost oil drilling, relief for ratepayers who fund wildfire mitigation, and an extension of the now rebranded “cap-and-invest” program.

    As lawmakers passed sweeping reforms to California’s landmark environmental review law, critics warned exemptions may make it easier for potentially high-polluting advanced manufacturing facilities to take root in already vulnerable areas.

    Longstanding conflicts over water continued to simmer this year. The governor continued pressing to fast-track a $20 billion tunnel around the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta to send more water south — to the outrage of Delta lawmakers. And dry conditions led to dire projections for the Colorado River, a vital water supply for Southern California. They ramped up the tensions — and the urgency — as negotiators from states that rely on the river tried, and failed, to reach a deal portioning out water supplies.

    2026 Outlook

    Affordability, the cost of climate adaptation, and pollution harms, in the skies and in the waste stream, continue to be key issues for California. As Gov. Gavin Newsom’s balancing act continues, the state will navigate tensions with environmental justice advocates unhappy with compromises. Emerging risks include the cost – in energy and water – of data centers, and the environmental consequences of the battery economy.

    This article was originally published on CalMatters and was republished under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license.

  • Sponsored message
  • Check out photos over the decades
    The float 'Circus Memories' heads down the parade route during the 110th Annual Rose Parade.

    Topline:

    For more than a century, the Rose Parade has delighted audiences across Southern California with its colorful, elaborate floats and fanfare.

    What you should know: The parade will celebrate its 137th year when floats begin traveling through Pasadena at 8 a.m. Jan. 1, 2026. This year's theme is "Magic in Teamwork," and Magic Johnson is the Grand Marshal.

    Keep reading... for details about key participants — from movie and music stars to sports legends to real-life heroes, and a even a couple of fictional characters, and some vintage photos.

    For more than a century, the Rose Parade has delighted audiences across Southern California with its colorful, elaborate floats and fanfare.

    The parade will celebrate its 137th year when floats begin traveling through Pasadena at 8 a.m. Jan. 1, 2026. This year's theme is "Magic in Teamwork," and Magic Johnson is the Grand Marshal.

    This year, for the first time in two decades, rain appears to be highly likely on parade day. Rain conditions are rare for the legendary parade.

    Showing off SoCal weather, in fact, was one of the main drivers of the parade's creation.

    As the Pasadena Tournament of Roses website recounts, Charles F. Holder led Valley Hunt Club members in creating the parade in 1890, saying: “In New York, people are buried in snow. Here our flowers are blooming and our oranges are about to bear. Let’s hold a festival to tell the world about our paradise.”

    Here are photos from some of the Rose Parades past, with details about key participants — from movie and music stars to sports legends to real-life heroes, and a even a couple of fictional characters:

    1939

    Theme: "Golden Memories"

    Float has white horse and a carriage.
    Burbank's 1939 Rose Parade float was titled "Tally-Ho of 1889," calling back to horse drawn wagons popular in the early years of the parade. 1939 was the 50th anniversary of the parade.
    (
    Herman J. Schultheis
    /
    Los Angeles Photographers Collection
    )

    Key people:

    • Lathrop K. Leishman, President
    • Shirley Temple, Grand Marshal
    • Barbara Dougall, Rose Queen

    1946

    Theme: "Victory, Unity & Peace"

    Crowds in multi-story bleachers line a road with large parade floats.
    'Winged Victory' leads the floats in the 1946 Rose Parade, just behindis the 'Dawn of Peace' float carrying the Rose Parade Queen and her court.
    (
    Security Pacific National Bank Collection
    /
    L.A. Public Library
    )

    Key people:

    • Charles A. Strutt, President
    • Admiral William F. Halsey, Grand Marshal
    • Patricia Auman, Rose Queen

    1960

    Theme: "Tall Tales and True"

    Float shows prospector panning for gold against background of Sierra Nevada Mountain sunrise which lights cascading waterfall. California bears are prominent on float, together with covered wagon bearing famed motto, 'California or Bust,'  and pulled by two oxen. Crossed California flags complete decoration, with chrysanthemums used extensively throughout float. Photograph dated January 1, 1960.; See images #00141215 through #00141226 for all photos in this series.
    Glendale's entry in the 1960 Rose Parade honored the "pioneer spirit" and took home the governor's trophy.
    (
    Valley Times collection
    /
    L.A. Public Library
    )

    Key people:

    • Raymond A. Dorn, President
    • Vice President Richard M. Nixon, Grand Marshal
    • Margarethe Bertelson, Rose Queen

    1975

    Theme: "Heritage of America"

    A Black man and woman sit in a convertible covered in flowers. He waves to the crowd.
    Baseball player Hank Aaron waves to the crowd as grand marshal of the 1975 Tournament of Roses parade in Pasadena, Jan. 1, 1975. Riding with him in the open car is his wife, Billye.
    (
    AP
    )

    Key people:

    • Carl H. Hoelscher, President
    • Paul G. Bryan, President
    • Henry L. "Hank" Aaron, Grand Marshal
    • Robin Carr, Rose Queen

    1982

    Theme: "Friends And Neighbors"

    And older man and woman sit atop the back of a convertible. He waves to the crowd.
    Actor Jimmy Stewart, grand marshal of the 93rd Tournament of Roses Parade, waves to the crowd as he's accompanied by his wife, Gloria, Jan. 1, 1982.
    (
    Reed Saxon
    /
    AP
    )

    Key people:

    • Harold E. Coombes Jr., President
    • Jimmy Stewart, Grand Marshall
    • Kathryn Potthast, Rose Queen

    1990

    Theme: "A World of Harmony"

    A white woman with blond hair rides a white horse. She and others on horseback are in period costumes.
    Zsa Zsa Gabor rides her Tennessee walking horse Silver Fox in the 101st Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, Calif., on Jan. 1, 1990. The appearance of the famous cop-slapper angered many spectators, who booed loudly as she rode by.
    (
    Douglas C. Pizac
    /
    AP
    )

    Key people:

    • Don W. Fedde, President
    • Sen. John Glenn, Grand Marshal
    • Yasmine Delawari, Rose Queen

    1996

    Theme: "Kids' Laughter & Dreams"

    Kids hold green frog stuffed animals.
    Kailey Zelek 9, left, Emily Parris 14, center, and Katie Dennis 10, sell 'Kermit the Frog' puppets to bystanders along the Rose Parade route in Pasadena, Jan. 1, 1996. Kermit the Frog is the first non-human to be named Grand Marshal alone.
    (
    Damian Dovarganes
    /
    AP
    )
    Three woman, two white and one Black, are in plaid full skirts and white aprons.
    Left to right, supermodels Kathy Ireland, Vendela and Naomi Campbell wave to the crowd while riding on a float based on the children's fable, "Jack and the Beanstalk" during the 107th Tournament of Roses Parade Jan. 1, 1996.
    (
    John T. Barr
    /
    AFP via Getty Images
    )

    Key people:

    • W.H. Griest Jr., President
    • Kermit the Frog, Grand Marshal
    • Keli Hutchins, Rose Queen

    1997

    Theme: "Life's Shining Moments"

    Dinosaurs and dinosaur skeletons are the main features of a float.
    The California State PTA "The Field Trip" float makes its way down the parade route during the 108th Tournament of Roses Parade on Wednesday, Jan. 1, 1997.
    (
    Damian Dovarganes
    /
    AP
    )

    Key people:

    • William S. Johnstone Jr., President
    • Carl Lewis, Grand Marshal
    • Shannon Miller, Grand Marshal
    • Jennifer Halferty, Rose Queen

    1999

    Theme: "Echoes of the Century"

    A large duck is at the front of a float followed but a band and other colorful floats.
    The Florists' Transworld Delivery float, "Mother's Day," along with other floats and bands travel down the 110th Tournament of Roses Parade route on Jan. 1, 1999.
    (
    Damian Dovarganes
    /
    AP
    )
    Three older man and one woman each have flowers on their lapels.
    Four of the named Grand Marshals of the 1999 Tournament of Roses Parade, from left: astronaut Buzz Aldrin, Ray Bartlett, lifelong friend of baseball legend Jackie Robinson, film producer and documentarian David Wolper and actress Shirley Temple Black.
    (
    Nick Ut
    /
    AP
    )

    Key people:

    • Dick E. Ratli, President
    • Buzz Aldrin, Grand Marshal
    • Jackie Robinson, Grand Marshal (posthumously)
    • Shirley Temple Black, Grand Marshal
    • David L. Wolper, Grand Marshal
    • Christina Farrell, Rose Queen

    2000

    Theme: "Celebrate 2000: Visions of the Future"

    A diverse group of young woman are all in red skirt suits.
    The 2000 Tournament of Roses Royal Court poses for a photo during a ceremony Tuesday, Oct. 26, 1999. Sophia Bush, then 17, was crowned the 82nd Rose Queen and went on to a successful acting career.
    (
    Nick Ut
    /
    AP
    )
    Three futuristic space travelers adorn a rocket on a float.
    An entry in the parade.
    (
    Scott Nelson
    /
    AFP via Getty Images
    )

    Key people:

    • Kenneth H. Burrows, President
    • Roy E. Disney, Grand Marshal
    • Sophia Bush, Rose Queen

    2002

    Theme: "Good Times"

    A giant motorcycle-riding Uncle Sam carries New York firemen, police, and military personnel.
    A giant motorcycle-riding Uncle Sam carries New York firemen, police, and military personnel in front of the Statue of Liberty on the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States float at the 113th Annual Rose Parade.
    (
    David McNew
    /
    Getty Images
    )

    Key people:

    • Ronald A. Okum, President
    • Regis Philbin, Grand Marshal
    • Caroline Hsu, Rose Queen

    2005

    Theme: "Celebrate Family"

    A costumed Mickey Mouse sits atop the back seat of an old-time convertible covered in roses.
    Grand Marshal Mickey Mouse rides in the 116th Tournament Of Roses Parade.
    (
    Matthew Simmons
    /
    Getty Images
    )

    Key people:

    • David M. Davis, President
    • Mickey Mouse, Grand Marshal
    • Ashley Moreno, Rose Queen

    2006

    Theme: "It's Magical"

    An older white woman sits in a car with a convertible top that's on in the rain.
    Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor served as Grand Marshal the last time it rained on the parade in 2006. Rain is forecast again for the 2026 parade.
    (
    Anne Cusack
    /
    Los Angeles Times via Getty Images
    )
    A float that has a baby elephant flying from the tail of a bigger elephant passes by rain soaked and partially empty bleachers.
    Pachyderm Parade float by the City of Burbank makes its way down Orange Grove in the rain, the first time rain came down on the parade in more than 50 years.
    (
    Anne Cusack/Los Angeles Times via Getty Imag
    /
    Los Angeles Times via Getty Images
    )

    Key people:

    • Elizabeth Evans Wright, President
    • Sandra Day O'Connor, Grand Marshal
    • Camille Clark, Rose Queen

    2009

    Theme: "Hats Off to Entertainment"

    The University of Southern California cheerleaders perform at the 120th Tournament of Roses Parade Jan. 1, 2009. (Photo: Alberto E. Rodriguez/Getty Images)

    Key people:

    • Ronald H. Conzonire, President
    • Cloris Leachman, Grand Marshal
    • Courtney Lee, Rose Queen

    2010

    Theme: 2010: A Cut Above the Rest

    Rose Queen Natalie Anne Innocenzi and her court the on the parade route during the 121st annual Tournment of Roses Parade on Jan. 1, 2010. (Photo: Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images)

    Key people:

    • Gary J. DiSano, President
    • Capt. Chelsey B. "Sully" Sullenberger III, Grand Marshal
    • Natalie Innocenzi, Rose Queen

    2011

    Theme: Building Dreams, Friendship & Memories

    A group of women in gowns and crowns wave as they ride on a float/
    Evanne Friedmann was named Rose Queen for the 2011 parade. .
    (
    Frederick M. Brown
    /
    Getty Images
    )
    A group of Black band musicians dance in full band uniform.
    The Southwest DeKalb High School marching band from Decatur, Georgia played in the 2011 parade.
    (
    Robyn Beck
    /
    AFP via Getty Images
    )

    Key people:

    • Jerey L. Throop, President
    • Paula Deen, Grand Marshal
    • Evanne Friedmann, Rose Queen

    2012

    Theme: "Just Imagine..."

    Members of Wells Fargo theme float 'Just Imagine...' move along Orange Grove Boulevard during the 123rd Tournament of Roses Parade. (Photo: Ringo H.W. Chiu/AP)
    Musician Kenny G participates in the Rose Parade on Jan. 2, 2012 in Pasadena, California. (Photo: Alberto E. Rodriguez/Getty Images)

    Key people:

    • Richard W. Jackson, President
    • J.R. Martinez, Grand Marshal
    • Drew Washington, Rose Queen

    2014

    Theme: "Dreams Come True"

    Parade Grand Marshal Vin Scully and wife Sandra Hunt attend the 125th Tournament of Roses Parade on Jan. 1, 2014. (Photo: Alberto E. Rodriguez/Getty Images)

    Key people:

    • R. Scott Jenkins, President
    • Vin Scully, Grand Marshal
    • Ana Acosta, Rose Queen

    2016

    Theme: "Find Your Adventure"

    The Disneyland Resort float is on display at the 127th Tournament of Roses Parade on Jan. 1, 2016. (Photo: Scott Brinegar/Disneyland via Getty Images)

    Key people:

    • Mike Matthiessen, President
    • Ken Burns, Grand Marshal
    • Erika Winter, Rose Queen

    2017

    Theme: "Echoes of Success"

    Members of the Escuela Secundaria Tecnica Industrial No. 3 Buhos Marching Band, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico participate in the 128th Tournament of Roses Parade on Jan. 2, 2017. (Photo: Alberto E. Rodriguez/Getty Images)

    Key people:

    • Brad Ratli, President
    • Janet Evans, Grand Marshal
    • Allyson Felix, Grand Marshal
    • Greg Louganis, Grand Marshal
    • Victoria Castellanos, Rose Queen

    2018

    Theme: "Making a Difference"

    The Burbank Tournament of Roses Association float won the Founder Award at the 129th Rose Parade. (Photo: Michael Owen Baker/AP)

    Key people:

    • Lance Tibbet, President
    • Gary Sinese, Grand Marshal
    • Isabella Marez, Rose Queen

    2019

    Theme: "The Melody of Life"

    Tournament of Roses Grand Marshal Chaka Khan waves during the 130th Rose Parade on Jan. 1, 2019. (Photo: Michael Owen Baker/AP)
    The UPS Store float, 'Books Keep Us on Our Toes' and winner of the Sweepstakes Award, moves along the route in the 2019 Tournament of Roses Rose Parade. (Photo: Carlos Delgado/AP)

    Key people:

    • Gerald Freeny, President
    • Chaka Khan, Grand Marshal
    • Louise Siskel, Rose Queen

    2020

    Theme: “The Power of Hope”

    Cartoon animals operate heavy equipment on a floral float.
    In this 2020 Rose Parade float, cartoon animals operate heavy equipment
    (
    Sharon McNary
    /
    LAist
    )

    Key people:

    • Laura Farber, President
    • Camille Kennedy, Rose Queen
    • Rita Moreno, Grand Marshall
    • Gina Torres, Grand Marshall
    • Laurie Hernandez, Grand Marshall

    2022

    Theme: "Dream. Believe. Achieve."

    A zoomed-in view of a parade as it marches through Pasadena.
    The parade returned in 2022 after being cancelled in 2021 due to the COVID pandemic.
    (
    Alborz Kamalizad
    /
    LAist
    )
    People in masks wave from inside a yellow floral bus float/
    Participants in the float for the City of Alhambra way during the Rose Parade of 2022.
    (
    Alborz Kamalizad
    /
    LAist
    )

    Key people:

    • Dr. Robert B. Miller President
    • Nadia Chung, Rose Queen
    • LeVar, Burton Grand Marshall

    2023

    Theme: "Turning the Corner"

    A  crowd snaps photos of a Rose Parade float decorated with snails and mushrooms made with green, yellow, brown, purple and orange flower petals and herbs
    The Cal Poly Universities float in the 2023 Rose Parade was named "Road to Reclamation" and won the "Extraordinaire Award". Cal Poly has appeared in parade 74 times.
    (
    Mariana Dale
    /
    LAist
    )

    Key people:

    • Amy Wainscott, President
    • Bella Ballard, Rose Queen
    • Gabby Giffords, Grand Marshall

    2024

    Theme: "Celebrating a World of Music: The Universal Language"

    A man with slicked back gray hair has his mouth open to sing with his right arm outstretched away from him. A large float can be seen behind him, which is covered in lime green, purple, yellow, and orange flowers. The sky is blue and clear.
    The 2024 Rose Parade.
    (
    Michael Blackshire
    /
    Los Angeles Times via Getty Images
    )

    Key people:

    • Alex Aghajanian, President
    • Naomi Stillitano, Rose Queen
    • Audra McDonald, Grand Marshall

    2025

    Theme: "Best Day Ever!"

    A woman with light skin and short, dark brown hair sits in the back of a car with an open top.  She is wearing glasses, a black shirt and red jacket as she waves to the crowd. The old-time car is a shiny powder blue and decorated with bouquets of flowers in pinks, purples and yellows.
    Tennis great Billie Jean King, was the Grand Marshal of 2025 Rose Parade.
    (
    Damian Dovarganes
    /
    AP
    )

    Key people:

    • Ed Morales, President
    • Lindsay Charles, Rose Queen
    • Billie Jean King, Grand Marshall

    2026

    Theme: "The Magic in Teamwork"

    Key people:

    • Mark Leavens, President
    • Serena Hui Guo, Rose Queen
    • Magic Johnson, Grand Marshall

    A version of this story initially ran in 2019. It has been updated with additional parade details.

  • 2025 in review of regulations
    A sign hangs from a ceiling fixture that reads "Data" where the text is slightly distorted surrounded by 1, 0, and plus signs.
    California enacted a number of AI regulations in 2025, often in watered-down form. The Dreamforce conference hosted by Salesforce in San Francisco on Sept. 18, 2024.

    Topline:

    California showed it was serious about regulating Big Tech in 2025 — and Big Tech showed it was serious about coming to the statehouse and fighting back.

    Why it matters: The upshot was a barrage of laws designed to curb tech harms but often in watered down form.

    What's next: Next year will see no end to the tension between protecting Californians from artificial intelligence and the impulse to protect the flow of money into the industry.

    Read on... for more on Big Tech regulation in 2025.

    California showed it was serious about regulating Big Tech in 2025 — and Big Tech showed it was serious about coming to the statehouse and fighting back.

    The upshot was a barrage of laws designed to curb tech harms but often in watered down form.

    Take San Francisco Democratic Sen. Scott Weiner’s legislation to keep artificial intelligence systems from enabling catastrophes like biological weapons attacks. The original version would have mandated safeguards over AI systems and imposed possible liability on their developers.Gov. Gavin Newsom vetoed it amid concerns that it would stifle innovation in the state’s booming AI industry. This year’s version, signed into law, merely requires big AI companies to publish safety frameworks and creates a pathway for reporting safety incidents.

    Similar dilutions occurred over other tech proposals. Of various bills to regulate data centers, those mandating disclosure of water and power use failed while one merely letting regulators look into those uses passed. On AI chatbots talking to kids, a bill outright banning any harmful chats failed while one just requiring protocols for suicidal users became law. A similar process winnowed six bills to regulate algorithmic pricing down to one signed by the governor, forbidding tech platforms from requiring their business customers to use their pricing recommendations.

    That came after another year of aggressive lobbying by tech companies, sometimes behind the scenes.

    Still, advocates for more regulation won some outright victories, including a new browser setting to forbid websites from transferring personal data. Experts say this “opt out” will end up helping consumers across the U.S.

    Meanwhile, California’s executive branch struggled with the process of guarding against online hackers, losing its top cybersecurity official amid discord in the office that position oversees. Law enforcement agencies across the state also struggled to correctly handle the digital data they collected, with many local police departments illegally sharing information on vehicle movements, gleaned from automated license plate readers, with federal agencies like Border Patrol and Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

    2026 outlook

    Next year will see no end to the tension between protecting Californians from artificial intelligence and the impulse to protect the flow of money into the industry. An ambitious bill requiring disclosure of AI use in consequential decisions, such as in housing and education, will return. Data centers will stir controversy as AI spikes their power use, potentially opening the door to nuclear power. Lastly, the Trump administration and Republicans in Congress have drawn up proposals — thus far not acted upon — to preempt state laws regulating AI. If enacted, such plans would hit California hardest.

    This article was originally published on CalMatters and was republished under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license.

  • Report finds investors buying 44% of Altadena lots
    A look at cleared lots in August, just over six months after the Eaton Fire, which claimed 19 lives and destroyed more than 9,000 structures. A new report finds a large number of lots are going to corporate buyers.

    Topline:

    Nearly one year after fires destroyed thousands of homes in L.A. County, many families have concluded that rebuilding isn’t in their budget. In nearly half of recent deals for empty lots, homeowners are selling to investors. That’s the conclusion researchers with the online real estate listings platform Redfin reached in a new report published this morning.

    The numbers: Analyzing transactions in L.A. County burn zones during July, August and September, they found that about 40% of Pacific Palisades vacant lots went to corporate buyers. In both Altadena and Malibu, about 44% of such vacant lot sales went to investors.

    The context: Investor activity is common following disasters. While some say they can be helpful in bringing homes back to ravaged communities, others are skeptical about their plans. Some lawmakers and organizations have been working to counteract speculative development in Altadena.

    Read on… to learn why one Altadena fire survivor sees this trend as “disaster capitalism” coming for the diverse foothill community.

    Shortly after the Eaton Fire destroyed thousands of homes in and around Altadena, signs sprung up across the community announcing “Altadena is not for sale.”

    Now, nearly one year later, hundreds of Altadena families have concluded that rebuilding isn’t in their budget. In nearly half of recent deals for empty lots, homeowners are selling to investors.

    That’s the conclusion researchers with the online real estate listings platform Redfin reached in a new report published Tuesday.

    Analyzing transactions in L.A. County burn zones during July, August and September, they found that about 40% of Pacific Palisades vacant lots went to corporate buyers. In both Altadena and Malibu, about 44% of such vacant lot sales went to investors.

    “It's not uncommon to see that when disasters hit a place, investors come in,” said Sheharyar Bokhari, Redfin’s principal economist. “It's hard to value a vacant lot, so you could perhaps buy lower than what it should sell for and then flip it.”

    More vacant lots are getting scooped up

    To conduct the analysis, Redfin researchers looked at sales in the zip codes 90272 for the Pacific Palisades, 91001 for Altadena and 90265 for Malibu. They categorized buyers as investors if their names contained words or abbreviations such as LLC, Inc, Corp or Homes.

    There was a marked increase of vacant lots sales in all communities, according to the report. In the Pacific Palisades, 119 lots sold in July, August and September. Altadena saw 61 lot sales. In 2024, before the fires, neither Pacific Palisades nor Altadena had any lots selling in those months.

    Malibu saw some vacant lots sell in that time frame in 2024. But before the fires, only about 21% of those sales were to investors.

    The findings are similar to those in a separate report published in October by the nonprofit Strategic Actions for a Just Economy. That report found that 49% of sales in the Eaton Fire burn zone went to corporate entities.

    Zaire Calvin lost his family’s home in Altadena and had a sister who died in the fire. He said the trend shows “disaster capitalism” poised to change the diverse foothill community.

    “If rebuilding becomes a race for capital instead of a return home for families, then disaster has been basically repackaged as opportunity for those with the most resources,” Calvin said. “It's like they're preying on us while we're still praying for hope and help.”

    Some lawmakers and organizations have been working to counteract speculative development..

    Assembly Bill 851, signed by Gov. Gavin Newsom in October, outlawed unsolicited offers on properties in burn zones until 2027.

    The nonprofit Greenline Housing Foundation has been buying lots from distressed sellers in Altadena, giving them an alternative to more bottom-line driven investors. The organization has said it intends to rebuild homes and sell them at below market prices to first-time buyers.

    Corporate buyers: disaster capitalists or helpful rebuilders?

    Bokhari, the Redfin economist, said investor activity is not entirely detrimental to communities recovering from disaster.

    “Investors who have a lot more capital can come in and build that community,” he said. They can afford to clean up lingering environmental damage and build homes that comply with the latest fire safety codes, he said.

    “Investors play that role in bringing back those homes,” Bokhari said.

    Still, uncertainty around investors’ plans have left many Altadenans anxious. Will homes be for sale or for rent? How will those homes look? Will investor-built properties give Black families a way to continue building generational wealth in a historically Black corner of L.A. County?

    Lori Gay, president and CEO of Neighborhood Housing Services of L.A. County, said in the grand scheme of L.A. real estate, not many lots in Altadena are trading hands so far. Only 61 lots in the community sold in July, August and September according to the Redfin report.

    “More will go up for sale over time,” Gay said. But in her organization’s work advising families on how to rebuild, she said, “Most families we’ve seen want to go back home. They’re not trying to leave. They’re trying to figure out how to stay.”

    For more on disparities in disaster recovery

    Listen 27:41
    Listen to The Big One: The Economy
    It turns out natural disasters don't just reveal inequality; they actually make it worse. Researchers have found that earthquakes, fires, floods, hurricanes, all widen the gap for people of color.