The Brief

This week, Los Angeles city council members will kick off a series of public hearings about the city’s $12.8 billion budget proposal.

The budget is essential for city operations and decisions made over the next few weeks will have a big impact on L.A.

Public budget hearings begin Tuesday at City Hall in Downtown L.A. The documents and discussions, which give you a peek into how the city’s planning for the future, are incredibly dense.

To make sense of it all — and to explain what the budget means for you — we’ve compiled this guide to understanding the budget.

What the budget covers

The overall budget is the way city leaders know what they can spend for the next year, which is mostly determined by the projected health of our funds. As my colleague Brianna Lee recently explained, the mayor proposes the budget and then a series of hearings take place to discuss the details and issue recommendations. Then the budget will go on to the full City Council for a vote.

The budget is made of multiple funds. Here are the main categories:

• The General Fund: This is the primary bank account that L.A. works out of. Unrestricted money is put into it, and it’s used to pay for a wide variety of services.
• The Reserve Fund: This is where unrestricted cash is set aside for unexpected needs and emergencies, like a savings account.
• The Budget Stabilization Fund: This is where cash from prosperous years is set aside to help offset lean financial years.
• Special funds: These are funds created for a special purpose and the money in them is restricted to that. An example is the special gas tax fund, which can only be used for our streets system. L.A. has more than 600 special purpose funds.

Former city controller Ron Galperin said to think of these funds like a trip to the grocery store where you have to pay separately for most of what’s in your basket.

“You can only use one account to buy tomatoes, and you can only use another account to buy cucumbers, and yet another account to buy your milk,” Galperin said. “Imagine how complicated that would be to just get out of the checkout line.”

Beyond these categories, things get a bit more complicated.

There are three entities that you’ll see listed on the city’s budget as an FYI, but their budgets are independent and get approved by a commission. Those are the department of water and power, the harbor, and L.A. World Airports (which includes LAX).

Chief deputy controller Rick Cole said certain other department budgets, like the library, are sheltered under the city’s charter from overall budget cuts. They’re still subject to City Council approval as more of a formality.

These financials are included in the mayor’s budget but in a different chapter than the rest of the proposed department budgets.

How the budget is calculated

Where your tax dollars go (and don’t go) each year can tell you where city leaders’ priorities are, but money is also a finite resource that has to be balanced against competing needs.

The city of L.A. uses a “modified program budget” system to make calculations. In simple terms, this means factoring in service needs for different departments, historical reviews of their past budgets, and performance metrics.

If you want to know how a department is measuring up to its goals, the budget documents include metrics that can help you compare programs and evaluate progress.

Where to begin exploring the budget

Jacky Guerrero is the director of equity in community investments for the nonprofit Catalyst California in L.A. She works to make the city’s budget process and documents easy to understand for community organizations.

The mayor’s proposed budget is comprised of these documents:

• Mayor’s budget summary
• Proposed budget
• Detail of department programs in two volumes (also known as the Blue Book)
• Revenue Outlook
• Supporting Information

You probably don’t have time to sift through hundreds of pages of financial reports, but that’s OK. The first document may be right up your alley.

“The mayor’s budget summary is … their way of trying to produce a more digestible sense of what is in these very dense documents,” Guerrero said. “It’s more focused on issues that resonate with people, not departments.”

The budget documents are a bit like nesting dolls. The proposed budget is a longer version of the summary. And the Blue Book is a longer version of that and it gets much more technical. Then out of the supporting documents, Guerrero said the revenue outlook is important to look over.

“It is giving you a sense of projections of sales tax revenues [and] how that money is generated,” Guerrero said. “These are actually important details because these are things that we pay into.”

Guerrero said she trains her staff to first look over the table of contents of the budget documents. To understand where to look, it’s a good idea to get comfortable with knowing what’s in there. The Mayor’s Message in the first section can help you get a sense of the city’s priorities. In this case, the 2024-2025 budget focuses a lot on housing.

Then once you have an overview, look at the departments that interest you.

How much can the budget change year to year?

One thing to understand is that city budgets typically don't change quickly. While there have been movements to realign the city’s financial priorities overall, such as investing more into community programs and less into police, you won’t see a big difference year over year.

The vast majority of the budget proposed by L.A. Mayor Karen Bass last week, will not be changed during the budget hearing review process.

Some of that is by design. The city’s process has a very short turnover. Almost as soon as the budget is put into action, leaders begin planning for the following year. Cole, from the city controller’s office, said this is why they’re advocating for L.A. to move to a two-year budget term.

“The budget process takes 11 months,” Cole said. “So just cranking through the process eats up an enormous amount of time, energy, paper, and angst, which leaves actually very little time to think deeply about how we're spending the money.”

It’s an economic thing too. Making sharp changes to the budget, Cole said, could create tough layoff issues for city staff, which is why changes happen incrementally. The city of L.A. is among the largest employers in L.A. County.

Another thing to consider is that while the budget documents were only made public in April, the likelihood of them changing much at this stage is rather low. That means public input, and the incoming back-and-forth between the mayor and City Council on finances likely won’t lead to drastic differences in what gets adopted.

But it may not be small peanuts either.

“It’s what insiders at City Hall call budget dust,” Cole said. “For the average person, $750,000 is a lot of money, but it’s less than one hundredth of a percent of the budget. The budget hearings do have an impact — probably the most in the 1% range, but 99% of the budget that the mayor proposes will be adopted.”

The city’s first budget hearing begins on Tuesday at 1 p.m. If you’re interested in participating, note that there’s only one official opportunity listed for in-person public comment during the May 1 hearing.

This story first appeared on The LA Local.

A local outbreak of flea-borne typhus is spreading in the Pico Union neighborhood, according to health officials. Five cases have emerged in the city of Los Angeles with all five patients being hospitalized and recovering. 

The outbreak is being investigated by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health who are hoping to minimize the spread of the infection.

Infections occur when feces from infected fleas are rubbed into cuts or scrapes on the skin or rubbed into the eyes. 

Symptoms include fever, body aches, headaches, nausea and rashes. They can appear within one to two weeks after becoming infected. There is no vaccine for flea-borne typhus but it can be effectively treated with antibiotics when diagnosed early.

According to the DPH the best way to prevent illness is to reduce exposure to fleas and animals that may carry them. This includes stray animals, rodents, and other wildlife such as opossums. 

“Community members can help protect themselves and their neighbors by keeping pets on flea control year-round, avoiding stray animals, and making sure wildlife cannot live in or around their homes,” Los Angeles County Health Officer Muntu Davis said in a statement.

Flea-borne typhus has increased in Los Angeles since 2010, with an all time high of 220 cases in 2025. The highest ever number reported in L.A. County.

The DPH advises residents to protect themselves and their pets by routinely using flea control products, keeping pets indoors as much as possible, and using EPA-registered insect repellent labeled for protection against fleas when outside.

They advise keeping pet food indoors to not attract wild or stray animals, as well as not feeding or touching any free-roaming animals.

Keeping yards free of debris and free of overgrown plants or bushes can also help wild animals avoid the area. It is recommended to keep trash in tightly closed containers, and to close off crawl spaces and openings where animals can enter, hide, or find food.

Infected animals do not typically show signs of illness and flea-borne typhus does not spread from person to person. Animal owners can be infected by touching their infected pets or if infected fleas are on the animal.

In 2025, nearly 90% of people diagnosed with flea-borne typhus required hospitalization, according to the DPH. All age groups are susceptible to catching typhus with documented cases in people ranging in residents from 1 – 85 years old, according to officials.

The county advises residents to get checked sooner rather than later, and to continuously be on the lookout for wild animals. The city will look to deal with an increase in cases since 2024.  

Residents can learn more about flea-borne typhus and prevention: ph.lacounty.gov/Typhus

Dating is not cheap, especially in a place like greater L.A. And costs are rising.

The overall average date is running $189, according to a BMO Real Financial Progress Index. That’s up 12.5% from last year. We asked listeners of AirTalk, LAist’s daily news show, to share how they find ways to date without breaking the bank.

Head outdoors

A number of listeners said hikes are their go-to cheap date.

“ I like going into an area where you get into a canopy, a lot of trees, so you don't get too warm,” Adrian in Corona said.

There might even be some science behind Angelenos’ love of hiking dates. Dating coach Damona Hoffman said there are benefits to doing something active while on a date.

“It boosts your endorphins… when you do something physical, you can sort of transfer some of those feelings of excitement to the person that you're with,” she said.

Kiz in Beverly Hills recommended Los Leones Canyon in Pacific Palisades — which is open after the Palisades fire — where he went on an early first date with his wife, adding that it’s also kid-friendly.

LAist host Austin Cross pointed out this may not be the best idea for a first date though.

“If the conversation's not hitting, but you're two miles into this hike, you still gotta walk back with them,” he said.

Take advantage of the arts

Heidi in Los Feliz recommended taking an art class, specifically at Heavy Manners Library in Echo Park.

Read more: Beloved Heavy Manners Library in Echo Park is moving — and it’s looking for a few good volunteers

“During the summer, the Hollywood Bowl has $6 seats for the symphony,” Adriana in Hollywood said. “You can take in your own food, you can bring in a bottle of wine, you can sit under the stars, listen to the LA Phil, and to me, that is just the most romantic, gorgeous way to spend a summer evening.”

Simplicity can be a good thing 

Durie in Lomita said he and his wife like to go watch planes at the In-N-Out by LAX. He said it would even make a good spot for a first date.

“ It lends a lot to discussion of what you want in your future,” he said.

Elizabeth in San Bernardino suggests meeting up at a bookstore.

“Conversation came organically through looking at the type of books that we liked,” she said of her experience.

Cross used to go to IKEA on dates back in the day.

“It was also a fun cheap date because you could see a person in so many different settings,” he said. “You could see if they were game to pretend to play house.”

The beach triumphs as an all-time cheap date spot

 Diane in West L.A. said — even after 41 years of marriage — eating dinner on the beach never fails.

“One of you can carry the basket, one of you can carry the blanket,” she said.

Orange County cities are close to finalizing what ballot measures will go before voters in the November general election.

It’s never too early to be prepared, so here’s what we know is coming so far.

Santa Ana: Could a sales tax rate be permanent? 

Santa Ana’s 1.5% sales tax increase — called Measure X — is supposed to decrease in 2029 and then completely go away by 2039. Public officials have said the loss of Measure X could mean the city loses millions of dollars in revenue.

Santa Ana voters will decide in November whether to make the Measure X tax permanent.

The tax measure was approved by voters in 2018. Money from the tax has helped the city fund street maintenance, public safety, youth services and homelessness services.

Costa Mesa: A business tax hike 

Costa Mesa voters will be asked in November if business license taxes should be increased for some large businesses making more than $500,000 in annual revenue.

Currently, large businesses have a $200 limit for taxes to operate in the city. For example, big box stores like Home Depot and Target in Costa Mesa only pay $200 a year in business license taxes. The change, if approved, could increase that to as high as $15,000 based on gross income.

Small businesses — which the city defines as those with $500,000 or less in gross income — will not be affected.

Irvine: Ranked-choice voting 

In Irvine, voters will be asked whether the city should switch the local election system to ranked-choice voting in 2028.

The system would allow voters to rank their candidates in order of preference instead of casting a vote for one candidate.

If approved, the change would only take effect if the costs stay below 0.23% of the city’s general fund. If the switch goes above that amount, the ranked-choice voting system could be delayed until a future election.

Orange: Is a city charter coming? 

Orange is currently a general law city bound by state law and mandates. Voters will decide if Orange should become a charter city, joining other municipal governments like Los Angeles, Santa Ana and Huntington Beach.

Charter cities still have to follow state and federal laws, but can establish their own rules on issues such as mayoral authority, term limits and financial management.

Some council members say the move will give the city more local control over planning, contracting and revenue. Opponents worry that the council is moving too fast on the charter measure instead of tackling the city’s financial crisis head-on.

Orange: A sales tax increase proposal

Voters in Orange will decide on a one-cent sales tax increase that, if approved, would last for 13 years.

The city of Orange is looking at increasingly dire budget conditions. In the 2024 election, voters narrowly rejected a 10-year half-cent sales tax measure estimated to generate $20 million in annual revenue.

What’s next? 

Local governments have until Aug. 7 to call a local measure election to be included in November’s General Election. Registrar of Voters Bob Page told LAist that the county is encouraging cities to file much earlier to allow time for public review, arguments and analysis, as well as document processing.