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The Brief

The most important stories for you to know today
  • Triple digit heatwave in full effect
    The sun sets and shows off the silhouettes of power lines.
    High heat and dry conditions will elevate the risk of fire weather.

    Quick Facts

    • Today’s weather: Sunny
    • Beaches: 72-77 degrees
    • Mountains: 84-94 degrees
    • Inland: 94-103 degrees
    • Warnings and advisories: Heat and Extreme Heat Advisories

                What to expect: It's going to feel like the piece of cheese that's sizzling on your homemade pizza pulled fresh from the oven.

                Where will it be the hottest? We're looking at parts of western San Fernando Valley, the Inland Empire and Coachella Valley all to reach or surpass 100 degrees today.

                Quick Facts

                • Today’s weather: Sunny
                • Beaches: 72-77 degrees
                • Mountains: 84-94 degrees
                • Inland: 94-103 degrees
                • Warnings and advisories: Heat and Extreme Heat Advisories

                SoCal is baking under the sun for the next few days. Thursday and Friday are expected to be the hottest days of the heatwave, so buckle in.

                L.A. County coastal areas will see overcast conditions today with highs mainly in the mid 70s along the beaches. Heading toward downtown L.A. ,it will be warmer with highs up to 91 degrees. Meanwhile, the valley communities will see temperatures in the upper 80s to mid 90s, and up to 100 degrees for the warmest areas.

                In Orange County, the coastal areas will start off with morning clouds, then gradually clear. The beaches will warm up to 86 degrees, and temperatures will rise to 92 degrees more inland.

                Highs in the Inland Empire will range in the mid 90s, with the warmest areas up to 103 degrees.

                In Coachella Valley, temperatures are expected to reach up to 115 degrees.

              • Toasty and sunny
                An aerial photo of the city of Los Angeles and beyond. In the foreground is the dark green capped Griffith Observatory, in the distance is the downtown L.A. skyline.
                Warming trend kicks in this weekend.

                QUICK FACTS

                • Today’s weather: Cloudy then partly sunny
                • Beaches: 65 to 70 degrees
                • Mountains: Mid-60s to low-70s
                • Inland: 80 to 88 degrees
                • Warnings and advisories: None

                    What to expect: Cool and cloudy for most of the day with some sunshine. Highs to reach the 70s and 80s.
                    Independence Day forecast preview: Prepare for sunny and warmer weather with highs likely to reach the low 90s for the warmer valleys.

                    Read on ... for more details.

                    QUICK FACTS

                    • Today’s weather: Cloudy then partly sunny
                    • Beaches: 65 to 70 degrees
                    • Mountains: Mid-60s to low-70s
                    • Inland: 80 to 88 degrees
                    • Warnings and advisories: None

                    Warmer weather is on the horizon as Southern California braces for heat next week. For this Fourth of July weekend, expect high temperatures back into the 80s and in the 90s for some areas.

                    Today will start off cloudy, then gradually become sunnier. We're expecting temperatures to reach the upper 60s to around 70 degrees at the beaches, up to the low to mid-70s for the inland coast.

                    For L.A. County valleys, temperatures will reach 75 to 82 degrees. Inland Orange County will see highs from 74 to 79 degrees while the Inland Empire will see temperatures from 80 to 88 degrees.

                    Over in Coachella Valley, high temperatures will reach 99 to 104 degrees.

                    Looking ahead to Independence Day, forecasters say the marine layer should thin out, meaning we'll see more sunshine. Areas like the Inland Empire, the San Fernando Valley and the Antelope Valley could see temperatures in the upper 80s to low 90s.

                    Coachella Valley could see a high of 106 degrees. Meanwhile coastal areas will see highs in the 70s and 80s.

                    Make sure to stay hydrated!

                  • Sponsored message
                  • LAPD has turned its investigation over to the DA
                    Poster has a photo of Keith Porter Jr. with his year of birth, 1982, and date of death 12.31.25
                    Keith Porter Jr. was 43 when he was fatally shot.

                    Topline:

                    The Los Angeles Police Department has completed its investigation into the killing of Keith Porter Jr., 43, and presented its findings to the District Attorney’s Office, according to a statement from the District Attorney’s Office.

                    The backstory: Federal officials have said Brian Palacios, the off-duty ICE officer who shot and killed Porter on New Year’s Eve, was acting in self-defense. The two men were neighbors at a Northridge apartment complex where Porter, according to friend and family, had fired a rifle to celebrate the holiday.

                    What’s next: The DA said that due to the complexity of the case, officials could not provide a clear timeline for a decision, adding it could take "several months or more."

                    The Los Angeles Police Department has completed its investigation into the killing of Keith Porter Jr., 43, and presented its findings to the District Attorney’s Office, according to a statement from the District Attorney’s Office. Federal officials have said Brian Palacios, the off-duty ICE officer who shot and killed Porter on New Year’s Eve in L.A. was acting in self-defense.

                    Where things stand

                    In an emailed statement to LAist, a spokesperson for the District Attorney’s office said:

                    “The Los Angeles Police Department has presented this case to our office, and it is currently under review. Our experienced prosecutors will conduct a thorough analysis of all the facts and evidence to determine if we are able to prove a crime occurred beyond a reasonable doubt. Given the complexity of that process, it is difficult to predict a timeline for completion, and cases like this can take several months or more to resolve.”

                    What federal officials say

                    According to statements from federal officials, Palacios was off duty the night of the shooting. Federal officials and Palacios’ attorney have said he was acting in self-defense when he shot and killed Porter.

                    He was not named at the time. His identity became public through court record in an unrelated custody dispute.

                    In a statement released to the L.A. Times shortly after the shooting, Tricia McLaughlin, at the time a Department of Homeland Security spokesperson, said that Palacios had “bravely responded to an active shooter situation at his apartment complex” and was “forced to defensively use his weapon and exchanged gunfire with the shooter.”

                    Police said a rifle was recovered at the scene. Porter’s friends have said he was shooting a rifle into the air to celebrate the new year.

                    How to reach me

                    If you have a tip, you can reach me on Signal. My username is Jbennett.18.

                    Why Porter’s family is pursuing a civil claim

                    Jamal Tooson, the attorney representing Porter's family, said he has witness testimony contradicting federal officials’ allegation that Porter and Palacios exchanged gunfire. He’s representing Porter’s family in a tort claim against the federal government.

                    The claim letter sent to the federal government says that Porter was “attempting to peacefully return to his residence” when he was killed. The letter claims Palacios did not personally observe Porter firing a weapon, and that he failed to use de-escalation tactics before opening fire. “The use of deadly force was unjustified, unreasonable and without legal cause,” the letter reads.

                    Tooson said he expects the federal government to reject the Porter family's tort claim. At which point, the family will pursue a civil claim, Tooson said.

                    Palacios on administrative duty

                    Authorities previously have said Palacios is still employed by ICE, and court records responding to the restraining order show he has recently been placed on administrative duty. ICE officials did not respond to questions about his current status.

                  • Council shelves ballot measure on apartment relief
                    Massive home features a pool, pool house, tennis court and two stories of living space
                    Aerial view of a new construction home in Encino in 2024.

                    Topline:

                    Despite multiple efforts to put reforms on the November ballot, Los Angeles voters will not get to decide whether to roll back the city’s controversial “mansion tax” on apartment buildings.

                    The vote: The L.A. City Council voted 14-0 to shelve a proposed ballot measure on Wednesday, the final day to send proposals to the city’s voters in the upcoming general election.

                    The context: The decision comes almost a week after a separate, statewide measure seeking to kill the tax — and other “mansion taxes” across California — was pulled from the November ballot.

                    Why it matters: Supporters of the tax have long opposed sending reforms back to the city’s voters. Advocates for reform said the council is failing to confront declines in new housing development, which they blame on Measure ULA.

                    Read more … to learn why one ballot measure will ask for more narrowly targeted reforms.

                    Despite multiple efforts to put reforms on the November ballot, Los Angeles voters will not get to decide whether to roll back the city’s controversial “mansion tax” on apartment buildings.

                    The L.A. City Council voted 14-0 to shelve a proposed ballot measure on Wednesday, the final day to send proposals to the city’s voters in the upcoming general election.

                    The decision comes almost a week after a separate, statewide measure seeking to kill the tax — and other “mansion taxes” across California — was pulled from the November ballot.

                    Advocates for reform said the council is failing to confront declines in new housing development, which they blame on Measure ULA.

                    “The City Council unfortunately is still not living in reality with respect to what ULA has done to our apartment and commercial building market,” said Mott Smith, a USC adjunct professor of real estate and a board member of the Council of Infill Builders. “They're kind of living in denial.”

                    Supporters of the tax said keeping new exemptions for apartment developers off the ballot was the right decision.

                    Joe Donlin, director of the United to House L.A. coalition, said L.A. voters approved the tax in 2022 because they wanted to raise money for affordable housing and tenant aid programs.

                    “Voters should feel confident that what they passed is working,” Donlin said. “Of course there are big real estate interests who would prefer not to pay a real estate transfer tax. They're going to continue to try to convince the public that they should get a tax break.”

                    The measure that didn’t make it to the ballot

                    The City Council’s sidelined ballot measure would have asked L.A. voters to cancel the tax on new apartment buildings within the first 10 years of their construction.

                    Reform proponents with Mend It, Don’t End It — a coalition of business leaders, affordable housing developers and labor groups — said in a letter to the council ahead of Wednesday’s meeting, “If adopted by voters, these amendments would help build more housing and ensure Measure ULA is delivering on its promise to increase affordability and reduce homelessness.”

                    Councilmember Katy Yaroslavsky, who proposed putting the 10-year exemption on the ballot, along with Councilmember Tim McOsker, chided her colleagues for letting the measure die.

                    “If we think the fight is over, we’re kidding ourselves,” Yaroslavsky said. “The pressure behind ULA reform is not going to go away, because the valid concerns from people who build housing are not going away. We will keep finding ourselves back here if we don’t show courage, get ahead of it and make a reform we and housing builders can live with.”

                    A recent analysis from the L.A. Housing Department concluded the 10-year exemption would have made only minimal changes to the city’s housing landscape. City housing officials estimated the exemption would have reduced Measure ULA revenue by about 5% while boosting new apartment development by about 5%, or around 330 units per year.

                    Why a ‘mansion tax’ applies to apartments

                    The council’s decision to keep changes off the ballot comes after years of heated debate about Measure ULA’s impact on the L.A. real estate market.

                    It’s known as the “mansion tax” because it applies to sales of single-family homes priced at $5.3 million or more. The tax rate starts at 4% and rises to 5.5% on properties selling for $10.6 million or more.

                    However, critics say the “mansion tax” moniker was always misleading, because it also applies to sales of industrial and commercial properties, including apartment buildings.

                    Supporters of the tax have long said they oppose sending the policy back to voters. They endorsed the decision of an earlier city council committee, which voted against putting changes on the ballot.

                    However, L.A. voters will see a separate, narrowly tailored “mansion tax” measure on the November ballot. The council voted 13-1 to ask voters to cancel the tax on Pacific Palisades homeowners who sell their properties within five years of the Palisades Fire.

                    Councilmember Traci Park, who represents the Palisades, said exempting fire victims is the right thing to do.

                    “They’re not selling because they want to,” she said. “They’re selling because they have already lost everything and there’s nothing left. Putting this tax on these folks who are trying to recover and reckoning with the fact that some of them just aren’t coming home is unspeakably cruel.”

                    The fight is over for now, but maybe not for long

                    Since taking effect in April 2023, the tax has raised more than $1.2 billion for affordable housing construction and programs aimed at helping struggling tenants stay housed. Some of that money has been held up due to strict limits on how funding can be spent, as well as the L.A. City Attorney’s ongoing opposition to tenant aid funding plans.

                    Economists have published studies concluding the tax has driven down new housing development relative to other parts of L.A. County. A recent RAND study also found the tax has cut into revenue raised by other local property taxes and development fees, reducing funding for schools, parks and other government services by about $452 million.

                    Meanwhile, Measure ULA supporters dispute conclusions about the tax slowing down housing growth. They say hundreds of affordable apartments have already opened or begun construction, thousands more are set to be built or preserved, and tenants have received tens of millions of dollars in rent relief and income support.

                    Previous efforts to lower or eliminate the tax on new apartment buildings have all stalled. The most dramatic development came last week, when last-minute negotiations in the California legislature convinced an anti-tax group to pull a statewide November ballot measure that would have asked voters to kill Measure ULA and “mansion taxes” in other parts of the state.

                    That Sacramento deal did not include cuts to L.A.’s “mansion tax,” as many in the real estate industry were hoping to see. Instead, state lawmakers agreed to put a separate measure on the November ballot, Proposition 43, which will ask Californians to make it harder to pass new special taxes by increasing the voter approval threshold to two-thirds, up from a simple majority.

                    Close to 58% of L.A. voters approved Measure ULA in November 2022, when it first appeared on the ballot. Though efforts to eliminate or scale back the tax via the November ballot are now officially dead, Mott Smith said future ballot fights remain likely.

                    “Already, everybody is gearing up for the 2028 election,” Smith said. “We're going to be living with another two years of pain in the real estate market, and Los Angeles will continue to lag behind the rest of the country and the rest of the state in terms of housing production.”

                  • Some LA students use public transit to save money
                    A woman sits in a subway car, looking down. She wears glasses, a green head band and a black face mask. Through the subway car widow is a sign that reads, "Long Beach, E, Santa Monica."
                    Victoria Imo rides the Metro E Line to University of Southern California for part of her commute.


                    Topline:

                    For many Los Angeles college students, public transit is often the cheapest and sometimes the only way to get to campus as gas and other costs rise. But using buses and trains can come with a price beyond the fare.

                    Student commuters: Metro offers free passes for students at participating K-12 schools and community colleges, while some universities offer discounted transit passes for their students. However, college students who rely on transit have to leave for class hours early to avoid being late, weigh safety concerns, stretch already tight budgets and miss out on college life, students told CalMatters.

                    Safety is a top concern: Because of safety concerns on the train, Victoria Imo, a USC graduate student, thinks carefully about where she sits, often near other women, and avoids using her iPad or laptop, opting to read instead. Metro says it's making progress on safety, pointing to recent declines in violent crime and nonviolent offenses. The agency attributed those declines to increased visible uniformed personnel, fare enforcement and partnerships with behavioral health organizations on its transit system. But after Metro resumed bus fare collection following a pandemic pause, trespassing reports, which include fare evasion, rose nearly 1,200%, from 126 in 2022 to 1,635 in 2023. In 2024, the number more than doubled to about 4,500. Arrests also rose sharply, with LAPD and sheriff's department arrests increasing by 81% in 2023 to about 5,000, then nearly doubling to about 10,000 in 2024. Since 2020, the top two crime types reported on Metro have been trespassing and battery.

                    For many Los Angeles college students, public transit is often the cheapest and sometimes the only way to get to campus as gas and other costs rise. But using buses and trains can come with a price beyond the fare.

                    Metro offers free passes for students at participating K-12 schools and community colleges, while some universities offer discounted transit passes for their students. However, college students who rely on transit have to leave for class hours early to avoid being late, weigh safety concerns, stretch already tight budgets and miss out on college life, students told CalMatters.

                    Late buses, early alarms

                    For some students, using transit means getting ready and leaving long before class starts. Makeda Webb wakes up at 6 a.m. in her apartment in Willowbrook, more than five hours before her first class at Cal State Dominguez Hills, less than 5 miles away in Carson.

                    On most mornings, the psychology major competes with her brother and grandfather, who has dementia, for their one shared bathroom. Even though her earliest class starts at 11:30 a.m., Webb leaves home by 8:30 a.m. because her commute usually takes 40 minutes and unreliable buses have made her late before. Some professors have even threatened to drop her from their classes if she kept arriving late, so she doesn't take any risks.

                    "The bus is constantly late or breaking down," Webb said. "You have to wait another hour for the next bus. … (It) makes me late for school, so I have to leave extremely early to make sure I'm on time."

                    She doesn't have a car, so despite delays, taking the bus is cheaper for her than paying for gas and other driving costs. Her university offers Metro U-Pass, which allows participating university students to take unlimited bus and train rides for the semester for a flat fee. For spring 2026, the pass cost $67.50.

                    Her commute gets worse at the end of the day. When Webb takes the bus in the evening after class and extracurriculars, frequent stops and unruly passengers stretch the trip to close to an hour.

                    "Even though I only live (half an hour) away by bus, it takes double that to get there because the bus driver has to stop the bus or … something stupid is going on, like chaos, which makes it take forever," Webb said.

                    A woman is pictured from behind, at night, walking past an L.A. metro bus. She is carrying various bags and packages in her arms.
                    Webb walks home at night after getting off the bus at a stop near her home. “It’s not always enjoyable, especially with the type of people that get on the bus. We have a lot of drug addicts, we have a lot of people who do crazy types of stuff on the bus,” she said.
                    (
                    Martin Romero
                    /
                    CalMatters
                    )

                    For women, the train comes with risks 

                    Victoria Imo, a graduate student studying social work at the University of Southern California, has a car but often takes the Metro A Line, transferring to the E Line to get to campus. She uses her U-Pass to avoid the high cost of gas and parking.

                    Imo's U-Pass is covered by USC's mandatory transportation fee, which costs $146 for the spring semester. That is cheaper than filling her tank multiple times, which she said can cost up to $60 each time, or buying a parking permit, which can cost up to $585 per semester before added fees.

                    But saving money means she has to take extra precautions. Because of safety concerns on the train, Imo thinks carefully about where she sits, often near other women, and avoids using her iPad or laptop, opting to read instead. She wears a mask and sometimes headphones without music to avoid unwanted interactions.

                    In the past, Imo carried pepper spray and a Taser – the latter of which she previously set off to deter an unruly man who was "yelling behind me while I was walking up the stairs," she said. She activated the Taser so it crackled really loudly while she walked to her car.

                    Metro contracts with the Los Angeles Police Department and Los Angeles Sheriff's Department for law enforcement across its systems. The agency also has transit ambassadors to complement officers, report issues and connect passengers with resources. Still, Imo said she has not reported any safety concerns because she's so used to them.

                    "I haven't gone out of my way to give any feedback, because at this point, I feel like this is just what the train system is," Imo said. "It seems like everyone's used to it."

                    A woman is pictured from behind at the bottom of a set of stairs, outdoors. To her left and right are train tracks.
                    Imo walks down the stairs at the Sierra Madre Metro Station in Pasadena to catch a train to campus.
                    (
                    Martin Romero
                    /
                    CalMatters
                    )

                    Gina Medrano, a psychology student at Santa Monica College, described similar concerns. She has her own car, but gas prices have pushed her to use her GoPass to take the train from the Atlantic Station in East Los Angeles to her school.

                    She carries pepper spray, avoids wearing headphones and switches train cars if anyone makes her feel uncomfortable. After witnessing a near-fatal incident, Medrano said boarding a Metro train makes her feel uneasy.

                    "This lady started hitting a man on the train," she said. "After she kicked the door of the train while it was running … she jumped out of the train … and it was right in front of me. I had to call my mom to come pick me up, because I just couldn't handle what I'd just seen."

                    Medrano said the incident was one of several disturbing things she's seen on the train. She regularly sees things that make her question her safety and wonder why there isn't more enforcement.

                    "It's kind of normal to see needles and unsightly things on the train," she said. "There's not really a lot of enforcement or safety. I don't really feel safe on it."

                    For some, police presence sets off alarms

                    Zak Nirenberg, an electrical construction and maintenance major at Los Angeles Trade-Technical College, said their biggest safety concern is not other Metro riders, but Los Angeles Police Department officers.

                    "They're intimidating," Nirenberg said. "Most of the time they're on the (train), they're looking for someone to harass or actively harassing someone."

                    A man wearing a plaid shirt,  a black tshirt underneath, and a light blue baseball cap holds onto a steel pole inside of a subway car. Through open doors, two uniformed police officers stand on the subway platform.
                    Zak Nirenberg rides the Metro train from Grand/LATTC Station in Los Angeles to Pico Station in downtown Los Angeles on April 30, 2026. They said their biggest safety concern is not other Metro riders but Los Angeles Police Department officers.
                    (
                    Martin Romero
                    /
                    CalMatters
                    )

                    Norma Eisenman, a spokesperson for the LAPD, declined to comment on Nirenberg and others' concerns about officers' presence during fare inspections. The department directed CalMatters to file public records requests for documents about LAPD protocols.

                    Metro says safety is improving

                    Metro says it's making progress on safety, pointing to recent declines in violent crime and nonviolent offenses. The agency attributed those declines to increased visible uniformed personnel, fare enforcement and partnerships with behavioral health organizations on its transit system.

                    In a February Metro media release, Maya Pogoda, a spokesperson for the agency, wrote that violent crime fell 6.7% in 2025 from the year before. She added that crimes involving trespassing, narcotics and weapons decreased 33%.

                    Metro also announced the Department of Public Safety Dashboard, which publishes safety and security data submitted by law enforcement agencies and shows a more complicated history. According to the dashboard, after Metro resumed bus fare collection following a pandemic pause, trespassing reports, which include fare evasion, rose nearly 1,200%, from 126 in 2022 to 1,635 in 2023. In 2024, the number more than doubled to about 4,500.

                    Arrests also rose sharply, with LAPD and sheriff's department arrests increasing by 81% in 2023 to about 5,000, then nearly doubling to about 10,000 in 2024. Since 2020, the top two crime types reported on Metro have been trespassing and battery.

                    Pogoda wrote that the agency is trying to address safety through a mix of law enforcement and public services aimed at addressing homelessness, addiction and untreated mental illness. These efforts will all be coordinated through Metro’s new Department of Public Safety.

                    A police officer wearing a black uniform with the word "police" on his back looks inside of an L.A. Metro subway car.
                    Los Angeles Police Department officers conduct fare inspections on a Metro train at Grand/LATTC Station in Los Angeles on April 30, 2026. According to Metro, officers conducted more than 116,000 train boardings and about 500,000 TAP card inspections in 2025 alone.
                    (
                    Martin Romero
                    /
                    CalMatters
                    )

                    Student passes help, but gaps remain

                    Even Metro programs meant to make public transit more affordable for students don’t remove every cost barrier. For some, the upfront cost of even a discounted pass can still be out of reach.

                    Stephanie Verdugo, a sociology major at Cal State LA, lives in on-campus housing and relies on Metro buses to run errands and, previously, to get to work. She said her university sells a U-Pass to students for about $100 a semester, but even as a frequent transit rider, Verdugo said she couldn't afford the upfront cost.

                    "I always had a very tight budget … so I could never actually buy (the U-Pass)," she said. "I would just have to pay the regular way."

                    Still, even while paying Metro's regular $1.75 fare for bus or train rides, Verdugo said using public transit has saved her money. That is partly because the agency's fare-capping system limits how much regular fare riders can spend to no more than $5 each day and $18 each week before rides are free.

                    "I don't pay a lot of money considering how much I travel on the bus," Verdugo said. "As a person who was traveling every single day for a month straight, I only spent like a maximum of $80, which, to me, is really good."

                    For Nirenberg, the Los Angeles Trade-Technical College student, the GoPass saves them a lot of money on gas and parking.

                    "(It's) not just for school, but for life in general. I don't pay for parking anywhere," they said. "I don't have to worry about finding parking. It's fantastic."

                    ‘I've never been to a college party’ — when transit derails social life

                    Beyond getting to class, transit can also shape how much of college life students get to experience. Julian Levy, a political science student at Occidental College, lives in on-campus housing and relies on public transit to visit his family and get around Los Angeles. Without a car, Levy said, participating in college life off campus means planning around transit schedules, deciding whether a trip is worth the time and often leaving early to get back on time.

                    "I remember just feeling so frustrated … just because I didn't have a car," Levy said. "I had to leave early from (a friend's birthday party) because of the time I would have to spend on the much slower public transit system."

                    One trip to an Occidental soccer game at Chapman University in Orange made Levy reconsider taking transit to away games. He had taken Metro and Metrolink to get there without any issues, but after the game, one of the few trains back was canceled. A second train eventually came, but only after Levy waited about two and a half hours on the platform. He ended up getting back to campus after midnight.

                    "I remember thinking after that, 'Do I really want to rely on public transit?'" Levy said. "I've always been able to get where I've needed to go, but I've definitely reconsidered whether something is worth the risk of getting stranded somewhere."

                    For many students CalMatters spoke to, public transit can be unpredictable, crowded and unsafe. Still, it remains the most affordable, and sometimes the only, way for students to reach campus and make attending college possible at all.

                    "I'm a low-income student, I've never been to a college party. … I don't have the money, I don't have the time," said Webb, the Cal State Dominguez Hills student. "I have not gotten the full (college experience), but I'm still thankful, though. At least there's an option."

                    Martin Romero is a contributor with the College Journalism Network, a collaboration between CalMatters and student journalists from across California. CalMatters higher education coverage is supported by a grant from the College Futures Foundation.

                    This article was originally published on CalMatters and was republished under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license.