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The Brief

The most important stories for you to know today
  • Stop feeding them! A park population is going nuts
    Two brown ground squirrels on a patch of green grass. The one on the left is grazing with its head down while the one on the right is looking up with one of its arms outstretched.
    The ground squirrels dotted the grass across the park with their burrows scattered nearby.

    Topline:

    Tourists and residents strolling through Palisades Park in Santa Monica are greeted by a beautiful view of a sandy beach, the Pacific Ocean and the pier. Oh, and roughly 100 ground squirrels running across the lawn, and occasionally, directly toward you.

    Why it matters: As cute as they may seem, ground squirrels can cause serious environmental issues, and human visitors sharing their snacks aren’t helping.

    Why now: Gwendolyn Fogel lives in Santa Monica and visits the nearby farmers market weekly, but she told LAist this is the first time she’s seen so many squirrels in the park.

    The backstory: Santa Monica has posted signs along the park asking people not to feed squirrels or birds. The red and white warnings say it “creates an imbalance in native ecology” and makes the animals more dependent on humans for food.

    Read on ... to learn more about why the squirrel population matters.

    Tourists and residents strolling through Palisades Park in Santa Monica are greeted by a beautiful view of a sandy beach, the Pacific Ocean and the pier. Oh, and roughly 100 ground squirrels running across the lawn, and occasionally, directly toward you.

    It almost looks like a scene out of Alfred Hitchcock’s The Birds, just furrier.

    As cute as they may seem, ground squirrels can cause serious environmental issues, and human visitors sharing their snacks aren’t helping.

    How bad is it

    Keira Powell and Corey Mooney, who were sitting on a park bench near the bluffs, told LAist they saw a squirrel crawl right up someone’s leg.

    “Check your pockets before you go home,” Mooney said. “You might end up with a squirrel.”

    Powell added that they’re nothing like the gray or red tree squirrels they’re used to back home in Boston.

    “They eat the grass, almost like a grazing herd of, like, sheep or goats,” she said.

    The squirrels seem to be everywhere, even on the paved paths for bicyclists.

    Powell and Mooney had a hotel view of the park, and they said the little brown rodents seem to be on a set schedule — as soon as the sun and people come out, so do they.

    Gwendolyn Fogel lives in Santa Monica and visits the nearby farmers market weekly, but she told LAist this is the first time she’s seen so many squirrels in the park.

    Listen 0:21
    Santa Monica's ground squirrels say hi

    “ One of them just chased us, which I've also never seen squirrels, like, run after people,” she said. “ We both lived in New York and … deal with squirrels all the time. They don't chase after you, they run away from you.”

    Christian Bussgen, Fogel’s friend, said they remind her of rats, but our interview was quickly interrupted by an especially eager squirrel.

    What Santa Monica says

    The city has posted signs along the park asking people not to feed squirrels or birds. The red and white warnings say it “creates an imbalance in native ecology” and makes the animals more dependent on humans for food.

    A red, white and black sign is posted to a tan fence overlooking a sandy beach on a cloudy, hazy day. The sign reads "DO NOT FEED BIRDS OR SQUIRRELS IT CREATES AN IMBALANCE IN NATIVE ECOLOGY. IT INCREASES THEIR DEPENDENCE ON PEOPLE FOR FOOD."
    The city of Santa Monica has posted signs along Palisades Park asking people not to feed squirrels or birds.
    (
    Makenna Sievertson
    /
    LAist
    )

    Tati Simonian, public information officer with the city of Santa Monica, said Palisades Park gets a lot of foot traffic and is just on top of the natural bluffs — which the ground squirrels like to burrow in.

    “As visitors come to enjoy the view, we remind them that the park is part of a greater natural environment and request their help in maintaining the environment as much as possible,” she said in a statement.

    When LAist asked if it’s normal for the squirrels to chase people through the park around this time of year, Simonian declined to share additional information.

    Experts say we’re to blame

    Marcia Rybak, of Coast and Canyon Wildlife Rehabilitation, told LAist that the squirrels in Santa Monica are unique.

    “The trouble Santa Monica has, and will always have, with those ground squirrels on the bluffs is the ground squirrels are well established and very happy there,” she said in an email. “The population will remain stable based on the food supply. If people don't feed them then they will only breed as much as the land will carry.”

    So in short, if you’re noticing more squirrels around Palisades Park, it's because we’re feeding them more and inadvertently encouraging them to stay in the area. So it’s best to keep your snacks to yourself.

    But it's also spring — which means baby season.

    Two squirrels are sticking out of a burrow in the brown dirt, with their noses touching slightly.
    There were several burrows with ground squirrel babies in Palisades Park as well.
    (
    Makenna Sievertson
    /
    LAist
    )

    Officially known as California or Beechy ground squirrels, they live together in burrows and prefer to forage on the ground, according to an L.A. County Agricultural Commissioner / Weights & Measures report.

    The ones in our area usually begin to breed in December. But by June, the squirrels’ average of seven to eight babies per litter start to scurry out on their own.

    “A good way to explain the difference in movement of ground squirrels versus tree squirrels is that tree squirrels disperse,” Rybak said in an email. “On the other hand, ground squirrels spread where babies dig burrows adjacent to the one they were born in. Ground squirrels do not travel much farther than 150 feet from their burrows.”

    There were several groups of young squirrels in various burrows when LAist visited Palisades Park in late April.

    A word of warning

    Ground squirrels can cause some serious damage.

    Their burrows, which can be up to 30 feet long and several feet below ground, can affect roads, structures and dams, to name a few.

    If the population becomes unnaturally high, the squirrels can make a grassy area look more like a “pockmarked moonscape,” according to the L.A. County report.

    Further north in San Luis Obispo County, Pismo Beach officials say they’re dealing with a squirrel problem in some parks after the city stopped using poison baits to manage the population, which has since “exploded.”

    Specifically, the tunnels are making the Shell Beach bluffs collapse faster.

    Rosemarie Gaglione, the city's public works director, said in an April 15 City Council meeting that she’s seen people feed the squirrels and watched them approach others looking for a meal.

    “While they look cute, they’re not a great thing for the park,” Gaglione said. “ FEMA made the comment … that we need to take care of the squirrel problem because it's impacting the bluffs.”

    Pismo Beach officials supported a public campaign telling people not to feed the squirrels and educating them on the damage the population is doing.

    “Feed a squirrel and the bluffs [are] going to go away,” said Mayor Ed Waage during the meeting. “You won’t be able to sit here anymore.”

    Two men are sitting on a metal park bench looking out towards the ocean on a hazy, cloudy day. A small brown ground squirrel is sitting off to the right hand side.
    Other California cities are dealing with a squirrel population problem, which has "exploded" in some parks.
    (
    Makenna Sievertson
    /
    LAist
    )

  • Grand jurors indict Nick Reiner for lying in wait
    Director Rob Reiner, a man with light skin tone, bald head and white beard, smiles as he stands in between and hugs his wife, Michele Singer, a woman with light skin tone, wearing a black dress and sunglasses, and son, Nick Reiner, a man with light skin tone, short goatee, wearing a dark-colored flannel. They pose for a photograph with Rob Reiner and Michele Singer look at the camera, while Nick Reiner looks away.
    Rob Reiner, center, and wife Michele Singer Reiner and son Nick Reiner attendan event in L.A. Nick Reiner has been charged in his parents killings and now faces additional allegations.

    Topline:

    A Los Angeles County grand jury has indicted Nick Reiner on murder charges in the killings of his parents, Rob Reiner and Michele Singer Reiner, and adds the allegation that he was lying in wait before attacking them.

    Why now: The grand jury, which had been meeting in secret, returned the indictment on July 20, and it was unsealed Wednesday, when 32-year-old Nick Reiner entered a not guilty plea.

    About the killings: Rob Reiner, a director, actor and Hollywood luminary, and his wife, a photographer and producer, were stabbed to death in their home in the upscale Brentwood section of Los Angeles on Dec. 14. Nick Reiner was arrested within hours and charged two days later.

    A Los Angeles County grand jury has indicted Nick Reiner on murder charges in the killings of his parents, Rob Reiner and Michele Singer Reiner, and adds the allegation that he was lying in wait before attacking them.

    The grand jury, which had been meeting in secret, returned the indictment on July 20, and it was unsealed Wednesday, when 32-year-old Nick Reiner entered a not guilty plea.

    Rob Reiner, a director, actor and Hollywood luminary, and his wife, a photographer and producer, were stabbed to death in their home in the upscale Brentwood section of Los Angeles on Dec. 14. Nick Reiner was arrested within hours and charged two days later.

    Why the indictment matters

    The grand jury indictment is a major step toward trial and allows prosecutors to skip California’s preliminary hearing process, where evidence is publicly aired.

    Lying in wait means a suspect waited for or hid from victims in order to ambush them, and as an allegation it’s meant to show premeditation. A finding that he was lying in wait along with a murder conviction would make Reiner eligible for the death penalty, but prosecutors said they haven’t decided whether to seek it.

    “This was a profound betrayal by someone who was loved and trusted by the very people he is accused of killing,” Los Angeles County District Attorney Nathan Hochman said in a statement. “We hope that by having a grand jury return an indictment in this case it will bring us one step closer to a trial and achieving justice.”

    What does the indictment say?

    Prosecutors have said nothing about possible motives, and leaks in the case have been virtually nonexistent on both sides.

    The Los Angeles County chief medical examiner told The Associated Press he would like to make their autopsy reports public, but a court order has prevented him from doing so.

    The unsealed indictment reveals few new details in a case that has been shrouded in secrecy. It does not explain how or why Reiner was lying in wait. Without elaborating, prosecutors have said since December that the parents were stabbed. The indictment includes a special allegation of use of a deadly weapon — a knife — that could also contribute to a stiffer sentence.

    What about the trust funds?

    The indictment comes as Reiner is seeking unpaid money from a trust his parents established for him, saying he needs it to help in his defense.

    Reiner said in a court petition that the trustees who oversee the funds have denied them to him without legal justification. The money was to have gone to Nick Reiner even if his parents were alive, legal filings say. The petition says the trust has at least $1.5 million in assets, but trustees would not share the exact amount.

    “Nick loved his parents, and he is devastated by their deaths. But the facts about what did and did not happen to them are not at issue,” the petition says.

    He is seeking to hire back high-profile criminal defense attorney Alan Jackson, who initially represented him before Reiner’s siblings would no longer agree to fund his defense and a public defender took over.

    A hearing on the petition is set for next week.

    The LA County Public Defender’s Office, which is representing Reiner, declined to comment on the indictment.

    Why is this process shrouded in secrecy?

    California prosecutors can charge a defendant and take the case through a preliminary hearing — a sort of trial in miniature where evidence is publicly aired and a judge decides whether it should be sent to trial — as recently happened with singer D4vd.

    Or they can use a grand jury to go through the process in secret. They can also publicly file charges and later seek a secret grand jury indictment, essentially creating a new version of the case, as happened here and in the Los Angeles prosecution of Harvey Weinstein.

    Remembering Rob Reiner

    Rob Reiner began as an actor, starring in the TV sitcom, “All in the Family,” as Michael “Meathead” Stivic, the liberal son-in-law to a much more conservative and bigoted Archie Bunker, played by Carroll O’Connor. Reiner won two Emmy Awards for the role, and last month got a posthumous Emmy nomination for his work as a guest star on “The Bear.”

    He became a prolific director whose work included some of the most memorable and endlessly watchable movies of the 1980s and ’90s. His credits included “This is Spinal Tap,” “Stand By Me,” “A Few Good Men,” and “When Harry Met Sally…” during the production of which he met photographer Michele Singer. They wed soon after and were married for 36 years.

    Nick Reiner was the second of the three children they had together. He and his father co-wrote the script for the 2015 film “Being Charlie,” which was partly based on the son’s teenage struggles with addiction and homelessness.

    His older brother Jake Reiner wrote in April that the experience of losing his parents and having his brother at the center of it was “a living nightmare” that is “too devastating to comprehend.”

  • Sponsored message
  • LA City Council OKs deal on 2028 reimbursements
    A flag in colorful letters and numbers reads "LA28".
    The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and SoFi Stadium will share the opening ceremony. The Coliseum will be the site of the closing ceremony.

    Topline:

    The City of L.A. is still on the hook for a potentially infinite amount of money if the 2028 Olympics and Paralympics are a financial failure. But in the latest attempt to moderate its risk, the Los Angeles City Council voted 10-4 Wednesday to approve an overdue agreement with the private Olympic organizing committee LA28.

    The deal: The agreement lays out how LA28 will repay the city for services rendered during the Games, like traffic control. It establishes that the city will seek reimbursement for the cost of policing venues from the federal government, which is overseeing Olympics security.

    What the city's negotiators say: Matt Szabo, the City Administrative Officer, told the council Wednesday that the agreement was the best bet at protecting the city.

    Read on… for the other concerns among officials about the agreement and what it could mean for taxpayers.

    The City of L.A. is still on the hook for a potentially infinite amount of money if the 2028 Olympics and Paralympics are a financial failure.

    But in the latest attempt to moderate that risk, the Los Angeles City Council voted 10-4 Wednesday to approve an overdue agreement with the private Olympic organizing committee LA28.

    What to know about the agreement 

    A man in a suit and glasses gestures behind a podium and speaks to a panel of people beyond the frame.
    Matt Szabo, the City Administrative Officer who negotiated the agreement with LA28, spoke at Wednesday's council meeting.
    (
    Courtesy L.A. City Council
    /
    YouTube
    )

    The deal lays out how LA28 will repay the city for services rendered during the Games, like traffic control. It establishes that the city will seek reimbursement for the cost of policing venues from the federal government, which is overseeing Olympics security.

    The council also approved an amendment to a 2021 agreement between the city and LA28 that allows the city to tap an LA28 contingency fund to recoup security costs if the federal government doesn't cover those expenses.

    Matt Szabo, the City Administrative Officer who negotiated the agreement with LA28 alongside the city's Chief Legislative Analyst Sharon Tso, acknowledged the agreement had big limitations. At the same time, he told the council Wednesday that he believed it was the best bet at protecting the city.

    " This is not an agreement that is intended or even has the capability of eliminating risk that the city has agreed to take on," Szabo told the council. "The purpose is to limit the risk to the greatest extent possible. And we do believe that it achieves that."

    Still, some in city government said the agreement doesn't go far enough to protect taxpayers.

    "Despite being delivered months behind schedule, it still fails to establish a clear baseline of City services, financial protections for Los Angeles taxpayers, and accountability that the City needs to successfully host the Games," said Councilmember Monica Rodriguez, who was one of four councilmembers to vote against the agreement, in a statement.

    The agreement now heads to Mayor Karen Bass and Council President Marqueece Harris-Dawson for a signature with LA28.

    Concerns about the deal with security costs looming

    A sticking point for dissenters is security costs — which are expected to be massive. Organizers and the city are counting on the federal government to pay for public safety at Olympic venues that are considered part of a "national special security event."

    LA28 has not included security costs in its $7.1 billion budget — a fact that City Attorney Hydee Feldstein Soto criticized earlier this year.

    The federal government has so far allocated $1 billion for security costs for the Olympics. Exactly where those federal funds will go has not yet been determined, and there's no guarantee they will cover all of L.A.'s policing costs.

    Los Angeles Police Chief Jim McDonnell estimated LAPD personnel costs alone could exceed that total, putting the cost for his department at $1.15 billion in one budget memo issued earlier this year.

    Protections for the city are limited

    Under an agreement approved by the council Wednesday, if L.A. is not reimbursed by the federal government for all its eligible expenses, it could dip into LA28's contingency fund of $270 million before the private organizing committee could use that money for any legacy projects.

    Here's the catch: that bucket will first be used for any costs that Olympics organizers still owe if they run out of revenue — meaning if the Olympics don't turn a profit, the city's access to that money will depend on how much is left for the taking.

    " LA28 has no real incentive not to bankrupt us," said Chris Tyler with the community organization Strategic Actions for a Just Economy in public comment. "And if they come in under-fundraised and over-budget, taxpayers will be on the hook for billions of dollars potentially."

    Szabo, the city administrative officer, said later in the council meeting that the Olympics turning a profit was in L.A. and LA28's best interest.

    " We are joined at the hip here," he said. "They want a successful Olympics. They want to have a successful legacy for those '28 Olympics. We want a successful Olympics."

    The agreement is late — and some still say it was rushed

    At the Wednesday meeting, several city council members introduced six amendments to the agreement with LA28, aimed at clarifying or tightening LA28's obligation to the city.

    All but one proposal was referred to committee for further discussion, and weren't included in the final agreement. Council President Harris-Dawson warned the council that approving amendments would send the city back into negotiations with LA28 that had already dragged on for years.

    Councilmember Eunisses Hernandez, who introduced two amendments seeking to regularly audit LA28's finances and guarantee reimbursements for unexpected "health and safety incidents" related to the Games, responded saying she hadn't had adequate time to consider the deal.

    " I have Dodger Stadium in my district, which is an Olympic venue," she said. "So you're asking me to make a decision on something that's going to impact us for years to come, and particularly within the heart of my district, but I was only briefed two weeks ago."

    City Controller Kenneth Mejia also criticized the process in an interview with LAist.

    " Why are we rushing through this thing so fast?" he said, calling the deal "fiscally irresponsible" and asking: "Why are we not trying to maximize protections for the city today?"

    Some, though, told the council they thought the agreement, which was due Oct. 1, 2025, was already too delayed.

    " Every additional month of delay reduces the run[way] for detailed planning for our businesses," said Jacqueline Iniguez with the L.A. Area Chamber of Commerce in public comment. "The city and LA28 now need to move forward together quickly to keep the 2028 games on track." 

    More big agreements ahead 

    Jacie Prieto Lopez, a spokesperson for LA28, said Olympics organizers were proud of the final agreement, saying it "delivers on our commitment to execute a safe, secure, and fiscally responsible Games that benefit Los Angeles for decades to come."

    The agreement approved by council Wednesday will serve as a master document as the city now goes on to execute "Venue Service Agreements" – even more specific agreements between LA28 and the city on what services will be provided at each venue in the city.

    Other municipalities hosting Olympic venues will also have to execute their own agreements with LA28 on reimbursement.

    How those agreements are inked will also have implications for the city of Los Angeles. It's the financial backer of the entire Olympics, whether the venues fall inside city boundaries or not.

  • How Boyle Heights families felt at first bell ring
    Adults and children wearing backpacks are seen from behind, walking toward the entrance of an elementary school.
    Parents and students head inside Christopher Dena Elementary in Boyle Heights on the first day of school in the L.A. Unified School District on Aug. 12, 2026.

    Topline:

    Students returned to dozens of schools near the site of the Boyle Heights warehouse fire Wednesday. District officials said preliminary attendance results showed that about 92% of students enrolled at those campuses came to the first day of school, exceeding the district’s overall attendance rate of 90%.

    The backstory: There are 55 schools within a 3-mile radius of the burned Lineage warehouse, according to L.A. Unified School District officials. District leaders said all of the schools received new air filters and purifiers in the classrooms in addition to a rigorous cleaning.

    Testing reveals lead, other contaminants: School officials said environmental tests — which they released the day before school started — concluded the Boyle Heights warehouse fire did not result in widespread contamination at nearby schools, and affirmed their determination that schools were safe to reopen. The tests found levels of lead that exceeded state safety thresholds in soil samples from two schools near the Lineage warehouse, but officials said that contamination was likely present from past industrial pollution, not necessarily from the recent fire.

    Read on… to hear why one environmental health expert said ammonia testing results at three schools gave her cause for concern.

    On Wednesday morning, Los Angeles Unified School District students returned to campuses for the first day of school. For many, that meant coming back to schools located near a Boyle Heights warehouse that burned for more than a week in June.

    The disaster forced the district to relocate summer programs at several nearby schools, including Christopher Dena Elementary. But on the morning of back-to-school, Maria Bravo said she was ready for her third-grade son and sixth-grade daughter to get back into Dena Elementary classrooms

    “ I know that they're going to be in a good place here,” Bravo said. She said her kids needed a new routine after a summer spent largely indoors, trying to avoid the heat and the smell of rotting food wafting from the Lineage warehouse.

    “They're going to find ways to keep them busy and active, and at the same time safe," Bravo said.

    Principal Robert Salazar said classrooms have air purifiers and there’s a plan to bring students inside if rotting food smells interrupt recess or lunch.

    “ It's like three plans — we have, A, B and C,” he said.

    A woman with light skin tone, blond hair and glasses holds a toy sword and shield in an elementary school classroom with a sign on a wall in the background that reads "science."
    Karoline Linde, a 5th grade teacher at Dena Elementary, brought souvenirs back from a summer trip to Croatia to include in her Medieval Times unit. " You want the kids to succeed. You want the kids to do their best," Linde said. "That's my job as an educator. How am I gonna do that?"
    (
    Mariana Dale/LAist
    )

    However, as has been true throughout the summer, the odor varied across the neighborhood.

    At Eastman Elementary, Ivett Dominguez walked her child to Eastman Avenue Elementary School and told LAist the smell outside was “consistent and annoying,” but that she didn’t notice it inside her son’s classroom.

    Other parents were more critical of the district’s decision to reopen the schools while the clean-up continued.

    A man with medium-light skin tone and a salt-and-pepper goatee, wearing a suit and tie, smiles while observing students in a classroom.
    LAUSD Superintendent Andrés Chait visits a classroom at Belvedere Middle School the first day of the 2026-2027 school year.
    (
    Mariana Dale/LAist
    )

    Andrés Chait, LAUSD’s superintendent, said preliminary attendance results showed about 92% of students enrolled at campuses near the burned warehouse came to the first day of school, exceeding the district’s overall attendance rate of 90%.

    “[I have]  gratitude to our communities for having faith in us and in the measures that we took,” Chait said.

    He said the district will take “corrective action” where lead and other toxins are found and that he’s directed his team to look into other ways for the district to advocate for climate justice.

    “ Our primary role always is to provide education and academic advancement, but I think we can do more than that,” Chait said.

    Some environmental health experts and advocates who reviewed the district’s testing results told LAist that school officials have more work to do on testing and cleaning at some campuses.

    Environmental testing raises questions about long-term fire impact

    District officials said environmental tests — which they released the day before school started — concluded the Boyle Heights warehouse fire did not result in widespread contamination at nearby campuses and affirmed the decision to reopen schools.

    Soil tests found lead levels that exceeded California’s acceptable threshold at two elementary school campuses — Christopher Dena and City Terrace. The district said in its report that staff will evaluate whether more testing or cleanup at those sites is needed.

    Carlos Torres, director of LAUSD’s Office of Environmental Health and Safety, said the front lawn at City Terrace and the tree wells at Dena, where elevated levels of lead were detected, have been fenced off.

    A tree stands in a patch of soil surrounded by a chain link fence at an elementary school campus.
    At Christopher Dena Elementary in Boyle Heights, school officials fenced off a tree and a patch of soil where environmental testing found elevated levels of lead.
    (
    Mariana Dale/LAist
    )

    Torres said the district doesn’t believe the lead is tied to the warehouse fire.

    “Most likely this could be from things like lead-based paints from use in the past. It could be from agricultural use,” Torres told LAist on Tuesday. “There isn't such a thing as clean soil anywhere.”

    The district said the levels of several other substances, including ammonia, formaldehyde and manganese, were low enough that they did not threaten the health of students or school staff.

    Students are seated and listening to a teacher, with medium skin tone and glasses, standing at the front of a classroom.
    Teacher Jose Salazar introduces Belvedere Middle School students to the different components of the career and technical education class which include engineering, child development and criminal justice on the first day of the 2026-2027 school year.
    (
    Mariana Dale/LAist
    )

    Jill Johnston, an associate professor of environmental and occupational health at UC Irvine, agreed that elevated lead levels in the soil at nearby schools could have been present before the warehouse fire.

    But she expressed concern about test results for ammonia at three schools within two miles of the Lineage warehouse: Eastman Avenue Early Education Center, Humphreys Avenue Elementary School and Stevenson College and Career Prep.

    Two indoor samples and one outdoor sample from those campuses were found to have between 319 and 327 micrograms of ammonia per cubic meter.

    “Ammonia is a respiratory irritant,” Johnston said. “It can affect lung function, particularly in kids… Breathing in ammonia, particularly at levels that are much higher than background concentrations, is something we want to try to avoid, especially for vulnerable kids.”

    California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment sets a 200 microgram safety limit for chronic exposure to ammonia, meaning situations where people are breathing in the chemical compound continuously. District officials noted that the test results were far below the state’s 3,200 microgram limit for acute exposure, meaning about an hour or less.

    Johnston said closing schools would have been a difficult decision for district officials. But she said additional scrutiny and monitoring at those three schools is warranted.

    “If they're also kids from the neighborhood, they're being exposed at home,” she said. “It just builds this evidence that we've been observing over the last several weeks, that toxic chemicals associated with the activities at Lineage are getting into the community, and in this case, is getting inside the schools.”

    East L.A. has a long history of pollution linked to nearby freeways and dense industrial development. In May, about 25,000 gallons of crude oil spilled into the streets after an underground pipe ruptured.

    “This continues to remind us where our schools are located and how vulnerable our communities and schools are,” said Rocío Rivas, school Board vice president and representative for the neighborhood. “I think it's important to elevate the testing and continue to monitor regardless if there's a fire or not.”

    The teachers union sent a letter to the superintendent on Aug. 6 with more than a dozen demands related to Boyle Heights schools, including additional environmental testing, heating, ventilation and cooling system upgrades.

    “Fire-impacted school communities deserve more than assurances — they deserve an actionable plan that puts health and safety first,” wrote Gloria Martinez, president of United Teachers Los Angeles.

    LAist reporter David Wagner contributed to this story.

  • What exactly is being measured in Boyle Heights?
    A person wearing a wide brimmed straw hat, a white face mask, a black dress with a design on it, and a pink long-sleeved shirt underneath pulls a yellow and blue cart that has bags of light orange snacks hanging from it. An out of focus white pickup truck and blue tanker truck are in the background, out of focus, against a white warehouse.
    Officials say air quality in the neighborhoods surrounding the site of the Lineage warehouse fire in Boyle Heights is safe. Scientists and community members continue to report health effects.

    Topline:

    Air quality monitors say levels of particulate matter, methane, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are safe following the Lineage warehouse fire. Some scientists are not so sure.

    The details: Two air quality sensors near the site of the fire measure four substances each hour: fine particulate matter, methane, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are behind some of the foul odors emanating from rotting food. But scientists say, unlike hydrogen sulfide, ammonia levels have spiked repeatedly, even over the last few weeks.

    Why it matters: Ammonia can be toxic, but officials say levels are not consistently high enough to be considered a health issue. Scientists also stopped short of blaming it for the symptoms local residents continue to report, including headaches, dizziness and nausea. But they said it could be a sign of other contaminants that aren’t being measured.

    Read on…to learn more about what’s being measured, and what’s not.

    With kids headed back to classrooms for the school year, environmental health officials with LAUSD say there is no significant health risk from air contamination for students in Boyle Heights and the surrounding neighborhoods.

    Residents, though, continue to worry about the health effects of air pollution from the Lineage warehouse fire. They're still reporting headaches, nausea and difficulty breathing weeks after the fire was put out.

    The fire began June 17 and burned for nearly a week, sending a plume of thick smoke into surrounding neighborhoods.

    Then, after the fire was extinguished, tens of millions of pounds of refrigerated food stored in the massive warehouse rotted, sending foul odors and pests into the surrounding neighborhood. Lineage said 92% of the food had been removed as of Tuesday.

    What's being measured

    Much of the air quality data collected in the area after the fire comes from South Coast Air Quality Management District sensors located at Eastman Avenue Elementary School and Robert Louis Stevenson Middle School, both of which are less than a mile from the warehouse.

    They take readings on an hourly basis and publish the data online.

    Here's what these air quality monitors have been recording over the last few months:

    • PM 2.5: The sensors at the two schools have been monitoring fine particulate matter since they were installed on June 19. They are able to pick up particles as small as 2.5 micrometers, or about 30 times smaller than a human hair. Particulate matter, in this case, was mostly associated with smoke generated while the fire was active.
    • Methane: The sensors started measuring methane on July 9. Methane is a greenhouse gas that can be harmful to the environment and is only harmful to humans at extremely high concentrations. The sensors have picked up levels that are fairly typical for the region.
    • Hydrogen sulfide: The sensors started measuring hydrogen sulfide on July 9. Hydrogen sulfide creates what’s often described as a “rotten egg” smell, and is the chemical that caused some of the stench created by the rotting food left behind after the fire. Still, scientists say just because people can smell it, that doesn’t mean the levels of hydrogen sulfide are high enough to cause harm. They say they haven’t seen huge peaks.
    • Ammonia: The devices were not equipped with ammonia sensors until July 23. Like hydrogen sulfide, the chemical is also created by rotting food. Unlike hydrogen sulfide, ammonia was also used as a refrigerant at the facility. Ammonia levels have spiked repeatedly since the sensors went into use, with the most recent spike at the beginning of August. Scientists say ammonia exposure can have adverse health effects, especially on children and other vulnerable populations. Officials say levels are not consistently high enough to pose a risk.

    What additional testing found

    The Air Quality Management District also employed mobile monitoring to test test for several other compounds in neighborhoods near the fire immediately after it started.

    While officials reported finding high levels of particulate matter, they reported other pollutants — including hydrogen fluoride and several toxic metals — to be mostly fall short of public healths standards that would raise concern. For example: Levels of bromine and chlorine while elevated stayed below the state’s short-term exposure threshold, which officials say is not unusual during structure fires.

    The L.A. Unified School District also tested for other substances, including lead and formaldehyde, and says schools in the area are safe for students. At the same time, they flagged that lead levels at two schools are higher than California’s acceptable standard.

    South Coast AQMD did not respond to LAist's questions before publication time.

    Twisted metal, burnt walls and a cross section of debris inside a building are in the foreground. A city skyline against a hazy sky is in the background.
    Air quality monitors near the Lineage warehouse measure four main substances: particulate matter, methane, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. But scientists say there could be other pollutants that aren't being picked up.
    (
    Allen J. Schaben
    /
    Los Angeles Times via Getty Images
    )

    Why ammonia is concerning 

    Despite assertions from environmental health officials that the neighborhoods around the warehouse are now safe, some scientists and community members continue to worry about air pollution.

    Jill Johnston, associate professor of Environmental and Occupational Health at UC Irvine, said the spikes reported in ammonia levels are particularly worrisome.

    “Ammonia is an air toxicant. It's a respiratory irritant,” she said. “[It] can also cause eyes, nose, throat irritation, and suppression of your lung function.”

    Johnston found that ammonia levels have been spiking ever since the sensors that pick up the chemical were installed in late July, and as recently as the last few weeks.

    Charts show prevalence of ammonia and the chemical's health effects.
    An analysis published Aug. 5 by the Community and Environment Research Lab at UC Irvine and East Yard Communities for Environmental Justice found high levels of ammonia in streets close to Lineage.
    (
    Courtesy Jill Johnston
    /
    UC Irvine
    )

    Environmental health officials with LAUSD say the ammonia levels found at nearby schools were not persistent or widespread enough to amount to a health hazard.

    Johnston stopped short of saying it’s definitely the cause of the symptoms local residents continue report, which include headaches, nausea and difficulty breathing.

    “Those symptoms can come from a lot of different chemicals, so it's not like a linear correlation there,” Johnston said.

    Still, she says there’s simply not enough understanding of how long-term ammonia exposure affects the human body, especially when it comes to children and other vulnerable populations.

    Why it's hard to detect other pollutants

    The ammonia could also be a sign of other contaminants that have yet to be tested.

    “Ammonia may just be a marker of a whole mixture of pollutants coming from the site,” Johnston said. “We just totally don't know yet because those haven't been fully characterized.”

    The bottom line is, Johnston says, air quality monitoring has its limits, and there is a lot that isn’t measured or understood when it comes to air pollution following industrial fires like the one at the Lineage warehouse in Boyle Heights.

    The limitations go beyond industrial fires.

    Scientists have developed technology that’s significantly more advanced than the standard sensors used by most air quality management officials for routine pollution monitoring. The more complex sensors can pick up a wider range of pollutants.

    More advanced technology, however, is also more complicated to use, which limits its use in the field.

    How to report an air quality issue

    South Coast AQMD gives you three ways to file a complaint:

    Be prepared to share:

    • Date and time of what you experienced
    • Type of air quality event (odors, dust, asbestos, smoke, etc.)
    • Odor description (gas, chemical, rotten eggs or other familiar odor)
    • Address or location of suspected source