In 1943, war was raging across Europe.
A special unit of art experts was formed to save cultural sites and buildings at risk from Allied bombings and recover masterpieces stolen by the Nazis.
They became known as the Monuments Men ... and are the subject of a star-studded movie of the same name that opens tonight.
But who were the real Monuments Men?
An exhibition of their personal papers and photographs is on display at the Archives of American Art in Washington.
The BBC's Jane O'Brien has this report.