A band of warmer ocean water observed along the equator by the Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite on April 24.
(Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech)
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It looks like after three years of La Niña, there’s a 90% chance we’re going to have to contend with El Niño later this year. And a 50% chance that it’ll be a particularly strong one.
Its arrival is in part indicated by warming waters in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, which NASA’s Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite picked up over the past few months.
Along with those warming waters, the climate pattern is associated with weakening trade winds, and impacts to atmospheric circulation, which can have all sorts of influences on weather patterns around the world.
(If you're wondering how this all fits in with Typhoon Mawar, the Category 4 cyclone that lashed Guam and could be headed for the Philippines ... it doesn't. The predicted El Niño has yet to start. Still, the National Weather Service warns that El Niño could increase the risk of stronger tropical cyclones slamming into Micronesia.)
The climate patterns known as El Niño and La Niña can have substantial impacts on weather in California. They tend to develop some time around March, with one or the other coming along every three to five years, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
But what's the difference between them? Here are the basics:
El Niño
Tends to last 9-12 months
Occurs when trade winds weaken, and waters in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific warm
Can result in wetter weather in Southern California and drier weather further north
La Niña
Can last 1-3 years
Indicated by cooling waters in equatorial Pacific
Occurs when strong trade winds build, and waters in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific cool.
Can result in drier weather in SoCal and wetter weather further north.
What it means for California
The most sizable impacts from El Niño are generally observed here during the late fall and winter months.
In the central and southern parts of California, it could mean an increased likelihood of cool and wet weather, as the jet stream that normally brings precipitation to the West Coast can shift south, pushing storms towards us instead of Washington and Oregon. This could potentially mean great news for snow in the southern Sierra Nevada.
Impacts can be more pronounced when the climate pattern is strong. In that case, we could see the cool and wet weather creep further north.
That said, there's no guarantee that next winter will be wet.
“El Niño basically shifts the probability or likelihood of certain types of events,” said Karen McKinnon, professor of statistics and the environment at UCLA. “But it’s not deterministic.”
Weather and climate are quite complicated, and all sorts of events like wildfires in Australia, can have sizable impacts we — and our models — don’t always anticipate.
What El Niño generally means for everyone else
Much of the southern U.S. could see wetter conditions as well. The northwestern U.S. and parts of the midwest could tend towards drier weather.
A map detailing the potential impacts of El Niño from December through February.
(Courtesy NOAA)
El Niño is associated with drier conditions in parts of Australia, Southeast Asia and Africa.
Globally, El Niño tends to push temperatures higher than normal as more of the heat that’s in the Earth’s system moves from the ocean to the atmosphere. Add to that the extreme warming we're already seeing as a result of climate change, and there's a 98% chance that one of the next five years will be the hottest on record for the globe, according to the World Meteorological Organization.
About our gray skies
That Southern California you might be missing has fallen victim to May Gray and June Gloom. The phenomena marks the transition from cool winter weather to scorching summer temperatures.
The rules passed by the state Air Resources Board are the first of their kind — anywhere — and will likely have ripple effects, particularly in Southern California communities that have some of the dirtiest air in the nation.
An onslaught of velella velella washed up on shore this weekend on Southern California beaches. The blue jellyfish-like creatures were swept by the winds of California's recent storms.
