This November, California voters will decide on Proposition 2, a $10 billion education bond. Some community colleges are counting on the money to fix critical buildings and protect the safety of students.
What a yes vote means: A “yes” vote on Proposition 2 will allow the state to borrow $10 billion to construct new buildings or fix ailing ones at community colleges, public K-12 schools, and charter schools. While most of the money would favor K-12 districts, especially those in communities with high property values, 15%, or $1.5 billion, would help community colleges.
Local needs: Some of the highest-ranked projects for funding are in Los Angeles County and include repairs at Los Angeles Pierce College and Los Angeles Valley College. At both colleges, the sewage pipes are so old, reports said, that they might crack, leading to “raw sewage leaks” and groundwater contamination.
What a no vote means: Voting no would prevent the state from taking on more debt. California currently owes about $80 billion through bonds it has issued over the past 30 years, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office. Every year, the state pays off a piece of that debt, plus interest payments. Opponents to the bond, such as Assemblymember Bill Essayli, a Corona Republican, say lawmakers should have prioritized education in the annual budget rather than rely on interest payments that saddle future generations with debt.
Go deeper: Check out Voter Game Plan for more information on Prop 2 and other ballot items.
The sewer systems at two Los Angeles community colleges are about to fail — “catastrophically.” Nearby, in Torrance, a community college shut down multiple buildings, some for weeks at a time, because the heating and cooling system is so old it broke.
Seismic engineers delivered a dire prediction to a Sacramento community college last year: a central building on campus might collapse.
Come Nov. 5, California voters will have a chance to help repair these ailing community college facilities. A “yes” vote on Proposition 2 will allow the state to borrow $10 billion to construct new buildings or fix ailing ones at community colleges, public K-12 schools, and charter schools. While most of the money would favor K-12 districts, especially those in communities with high property values, 15%, or $1.5 billion, would help community colleges.
Voting no would prevent the state from taking on more debt. California currently owes about $80 billion through bonds it has issued over the past 30 years, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office. Every year, the state pays off a piece of that debt, plus interest payments. Opponents to the bond, such as Assemblymember Bill Essayli, a Corona Republican, say lawmakers should have prioritized education in the annual budget rather than rely on interest payments that saddle future generations with debt.
The ballot proposition has broad support, including from both the California Democratic and Republican parties. A September survey from the Public Policy Institute of California found that more than 50% of likely voters support it.
But it’s not guaranteed that the measure will pass. In 2016, California voters approved new bonds for schools and community colleges, but the most recent ballot proposition in 2020 failed.
“It’s been eight years since the last time that the state of California passed a statewide school bond, and so this Proposition 2 is urgently needed,” said Assemblymember Al Muratsuchi, a Torrance Democrat, before emphasizing that the measure would not raise taxes. Muratsuchi sponsored the bill that created the bond measure.
‘Raw sewage leaks’ and bursting pipes
In the past 10 years, El Camino College in Torrance has unveiled three new buildings — a student services center, a gymnasium, and a “center for applied technology.” Combined, the new facilities cost roughly $100 million. The college also opened a new 7,800 seat, $48 million stadium on campus with space for pole vault, high jump, and steeplechase events.
Inside, these buildings are sleek and modern, with warm lighting and curated slabs of exposed wood. But the work of renovating and modernizing the entire campus isn’t done.
The community college has more than 7,000 feet of underground pipes that are “obsolete” and “at risk of immediate failure,” according to a state report. These pipes use water to heat and cool campus buildings.
“Imagine you have thousands of students coming in and out of a building throughout the day,” said Bob Suppelsa, the college’s vice president for administrative services. “If you don’t have heat in those buildings, it’s not a very hospitable learning situation for the students.”
Electrical, internet, and sewage lines are also underground and often adjacent to the ailing water pipes, he said. “A simple water line break can turn into multiple problems if it doesn’t get repaired quickly.”
The college made repairs as needed, but in the last few years the problems got worse, Suppelsa said. At that point, he decided to replace the whole system. The project will cost around $12 million, and the community college district is asking the state to contribute about three-quarters of that.
Gov. Gavin Newsom and the state’s finance department will make the final decisions about which community college projects receive bond money. The Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office will make recommendations based on a scoring system that favors safety and projects that fix conditions endangering students’ lives. Fixing El Camino College’s heating system is currently one of the top three projects in the state, according to initial recommendations that the chancellor’s office shared with CalMatters.
Although Muratsuchi represents the region served by El Camino College, he said he wasn’t aware of the infrastructure problems at the school and said he had no role in the ranking process.
The other highest-ranked projects are also in Los Angeles County and include repairs at Los Angeles Pierce College and Los Angeles Valley College. At both colleges, the sewage pipes are so old, reports said, that they might crack, leading to “raw sewage leaks” and groundwater contamination.
The chancellor’s office provided CalMatters with a list of 27 potential projects, which are located across the state and represent about half of the total $1.5 billion in proposed bond funds. Hoang Nguyen, director of facilities planning for the chancellor’s office, said the state would draft additional proposals if voters approve the ballot proposition.
A building on the brink of collapse
Even if it’s approved, the bond money will only help a fraction of the colleges that need repairs or new facilities. Nguyen said the state’s 116 community college campuses would need at least $28 billion to address all of their facilities needs — and that’s just the current list.
Some expensive and urgent projects aren’t yet on the roster of needed repairs. In August 2023, for example, the Los Rios Community College District, located in the Sacramento area, received a final report from an engineer that found Davies Hall at American River College was at risk of “catastrophic failure” in the event of a big earthquake. The district decided to close the building as soon as possible. At the time, about 3,000 students were taking classes there, according to campus spokesperson Gabe Ross.
“It’s the largest instructional building, at our largest college, in the second-largest district in the state,” said Mario Rodriguez, executive vice chancellor for finance and administration at the Los Rios Community College District.
The campus has been in flux ever since. Some classes went online while others moved into temporary classroom space. Constructing a permanent replacement for Davies Hall will cost the district more than $50 million, Ross said.
Most projects, even urgent ones, are the result of years of work spent evaluating the problem and gathering cost estimates. Rodriguez said the district plans to finalize and submit its proposal for state bond dollars by the end of the year.
If it does, and voters approve the bond measure, Davies Hall is practically guaranteed to receive some money because this summer state legislators added language to a law that asks the community college system to make it a “top priority.”
But if voters say no, Rodriguez said he isn’t confident that a local bond measure could easily generate the same amount of money. In 2020, the community college district put a local bond on the Sacramento County ballot. It failed.
Adam Echelman covers California’s community colleges in partnership with Open Campus, a nonprofit newsroom focused on higher education.
Larry Mantle
is an avid movie fan and longtime host of LAist's FilmWeek show.
Published March 13, 2026 5:00 AM
The Oscars will be handed out this Sunday in Hollywood. We have some thoughts on who should and will win.
(
Valerie Macon
/
Getty Images
)
Topline:
The Oscars are this Sunday in Hollywood. We gathered nine of our regular FilmWeek critics together last weekend to do our best to predict who will walk away with the statuette — and who really deserves to win.
Keep reading ... for a full viewing of the FilmWeek Oscar preview, or just to jump ahead to get the picks for your Oscar ballot.
For 24 years, I've been bringing together audiences here in Southern California ahead of the Oscars so we can review our favorites together.
Last week, we had a packed house at the Alex Theater in Glendale for our annual Film Week Academy Awards Preview.
We gathered nine of our regular FilmWeek critics, whose voices listeners hear on LAist 89.3 on our weekly review of movies. Hundreds of LAist listeners and readers who attended also got to vote for their personal favorites.
If we missed you March 7, we have clips of all 10 of the best picture nominees and the favorite for best animated feature. I have to say, I really loved sharing the experience of the movies with so many people. We'd love to see you in person at next year's event.
Chloé Zhao, Hamnet Josh Safdie, Marty Supreme Paul Thomas Anderson, One Battle After Another Joachim Trier, Sentimental Value Ryan Coogler, Sinners
Listen
2:19
Best Director: quick picks
Critics' consensus: Paul Thomas Anderson for One Battle After Another
"Ryan Coogler, it's the only one I would watch again unless they were holding my cat prisoner on the edge of city."
— Charles Solomon
Some other critics said that while they wanted Coogler to win, they thought the Oscar would go to Anderson.
Best Actress
Nominees
Jessie Buckley, Hamnet Rose Byrne, If I Had Legs I'd Kick You Kate Hudson, Song Sung Blue Renate Reinsve, Sentimental Value Emma Stone, Bugonia
Listen
4:54
Best Actress: quick picks
Critics' consensus: Jessie Buckley for Hamnet
Audience choice: Emma Stone for Bugonia
"Bet it all on Jessie Buckley."
— Christy Lemire
Lemire said that while she'd love to see the win go to Rose Byrne, she called Buckley the "only lock of the night"
Best Actor
Nominees:
Timothée Chalamet, Marty Supreme Leonardo DiCaprio, One Battle After Another Ethan Hawke, Blue Moon Michael B. Jordan, Sinners Wagner Moura, The Secret Agent
Listen
3:46
Best Actor: quick picks
Critics' consensus: Michael B. Jordan for Sinners
Audience choice: Michael B. Jordan for Sinners
"I think Chalamet is going to lose to Michael B. Jordan, who has the momentum right now. This race, though , is ridiculously stacked."
— Justin Chang
Best Supporting Actress
Nominees:
Elle Fanning, Sentimental Value Inga Ibsdotter Lilleaas, Sentimental Value Amy Madigan, Weapons Wunmi Mosaku, Sinners Teyana Taylor, One Battle After Another
Listen
5:47
Best Supporting Actress: quick picks
Critics' consensus: Amy Madigan for Weapons
Audience choice: Teyana Taylor, One Battle After Another
"This is maybe the toughest category for an acting category I've seen in years. Any one of these actresses could win in any given year... they're that strong."
— Wade Major
Best Supporting Actor
Nominees
Benicio del Toro, One Battle After Another Jacob Elordi, Frankenstein Delroy Lindo, Sinners Sean Penn, One Battle After Another Stellan Skarsgård, Sentimental Value
Listen
5:23
Best Supporting Actor: quick picks
Critics' consensus: Sean Penn, One Battle After Another
Audience choice: Sean Penn, One Battle After Another
"This was the most difficult category for me because all of these performances are so unique in the way that they are executed."
— Tim Cogshell
Best Original Screenplay
Nominees
Blue Moon, written by Robert Kaplow It Was Just an Accident, written by Jafar Panahi; script collaborators: Nader Saïvar, Shadmehr Rastin, Mehdi Mahmoudian Marty Supreme, written by Ronald Bronstein and Josh Safdie Sentimental Value, written by Eskil Vogt, Joachim Trier Sinners, written by Ryan Coogler
Listen
4:52
Best Original Screenplay: quick picks
Critics' consensus: Sinners, written by Ryan Coogler
Audience choice: Sinners, written by Ryan Coogler
"Out of the top 10 grossing movies of this year, only one of them came from an original screenplay, and that's Sinners, and that does not often happen anymore."
— Charles Solomon
Best Adapted Screenplay
Nominees
Bugonia, screenplay by Will Tracy Frankenstein, written for the screen by Guillermo del Toro Hamnet, screenplay by Chloé Zhao and Maggie O'Farrell One Battle after Another, written by Paul Thomas Anderson Train Dreams, screenplay by Clint Bentley & Greg Kwedar
The nominees up for best picture this Sunday at the Oscars. An analysis for LAist found that, overall, men dominated the dialogue in the films.
(
Valerie Macon
/
Getty Images
)
Topline:
To better understand where gender disparity stands today, we analyzed who actually speaks in the 10 films up for what many consider to be the highest honor in film: best picture at this Sunday’s Academy Awards. Our findings: Women characters spoke about a quarter of the words. That’s down from a third of words in last year’s nominated films.
Why it matters: Because gender disparity in dialogue tells us something about the kinds of films that get nominated for awards — or made in the first place — and whose stories tend to be institutionally valued.
The backstory: While the only officially gendered awards for the Oscars are for acting, it’s no secret the Academy historically has favored men when it comes to handing out statuettes. Between 1929 and 2026, women made up less than 18% of all nominees, according to a report by the USC Annenberg Inclusion Initiative.
Read on ... for more on what our analysis found.
While the only officially gendered awards for the Oscars are for acting, it’s no secret the Academy historically has favored men when it comes to handing out statuettes. Between 1929 and 2026, women made up less than 18% of all nominees, according to a report by the USC Annenberg Inclusion Initiative.
If you exclude the acting nominees, women have been nominated for just under 13% of all awards in the nearly century since the awards began, said Stacy L. Smith, who founded the initiative in 2005 to track inequality in entertainment.
Smith said the numbers, while stark, aren’t surprising.
“This industry cannot change itself,” Smith said. “To create change, you really need to work with folks and bring them in.”
To better understand where gender disparity stands today, we analyzed who actually speaks in the 10 films up for what many consider to be the highest honor in film: best picture at this Sunday’s Academy Awards.
Why? Because gender disparity in dialogue tells us something about the kinds of films that get nominated for awards — or made in the first place — and whose stories tend to be institutionally valued.
We went into this analysis knowing that historically, films that contend for best picture have been dominated by stories driven by male characters. We analyzed the 10 nominated films of 2026 and also analyzed the 2025 nominees to determine the most recent patterns.
Our findings: Women characters spoke about a quarter of the words. That’s down from a third of words in last year’s nominated films.
“Whether we look at just who's on screen, and now when we look at how much they speak, your findings reiterate this real lack of inclusion for women and girls on screen,” Smith said.
The details:
Men overwhelmingly dominate dialogue in eight films. In each — save for Bugonia — at least 70% of the words go to men. Bugonia has the narrowest difference at 56% men and 44% women, snagging the third-highest percentage of female dialogue.
Two films stand out for having twice as much dialogue by women than the overall average of 25%. In Sentimental Value, women speak 57% of the words, and in Hamnet, they speak 51%.
One Battle After Another is the only film where an explicitly nonbinary character speaks. However, their number of words spoken — 25 — is so small compared to the rest of the dialogue that it comes out to 0.2% of the film.
Hamnet is the only best picture nominee to be directed by a woman: Chloé Zhao.
How this compares to last year
Last year, women spoke the majority of words in three films: Emilia Perez, Wicked and I’m Still Here. In all three, women spoke at least 60% of the words.
In 2025, like this year, one film directed by a woman, Coralie Fargeat’s The Substance, was nominated for best picture.
Why lead characters matter
This year, Sentimental Value, Hamnet and Bugonia have the biggest share of dialogue by women among the best picture nominees. They’re also the only films with a lead woman character.
Michelle (Emma Stone), the main character of Bugonia, speaks the most out of the three women in lead roles. Of the leads in nominated films, she ranks fourth overall behind Marty (Timothée Chalamet) in Marty Supreme, Victor Frankenstein (Oscar Isaac) in Frankenstein and her own co-lead, Teddy (Jesse Plemons).
Agnes (Jessie Buckley) from Hamnet ranks fifth. Nora (Renate Reinsve) from Sentimental Value ranks eighth behind the male leads from One Battle After Another and Train Dreams.
We should note that what constitutes a “lead” role can be subjective. For the purposes of this analysis, we based it on plot summaries and the prominence of the character in the arc of the film.
In most films, lead characters talk more than people in supporting roles. Sentimental Value and Train Dreams are the exceptions. Stellan Skarsgård is nominated for best supporting actor for his role as Gustav Borg in Sentimental Value. Borg speaks about 2,000 words, while his daughter, Nora, speaks about 1,300 in what’s considered a lead role. And in Train Dreams, a man narrates (Will Patton) and speaks about 1,500 words, while Robert Grainier (Joe Edgerton) speaks about 1,400.
Half of last year’s best picture nominees had a woman as the lead character. Female leads outnumbered male leads seven to six, and they generally spoke a greater share of dialogue than them too — save for Cardinal Lawrence (Ralph Fiennes) from Conclave and Bob Dylan (Chalamet) from A Complete Unknown.
Unlike this year, not all films with a woman in a lead role had majority women’s dialogue overall. In Anora and The Substance, women still spoke less than men.
However, lead characters did speak more words than any other character individually — except for in Wicked, where Glinda (Ariana Grande) speaks about 200 more words than Elphaba (Cynthia Erivo).
To try to measure how interested characters are in themselves compared to others and compare that across genders, the analysis looked at how often characters speak “I” words such as “I,” “me” or “my” (among others) versus “you” words like “you,” “your” or “yours” (among others).
We found that women speak more about themselves in half of the best picture nominees. That includes Sentimental Value, Bugonia, Frankenstein, Marty Supreme and The Secret Agent. Admittedly, this is a limited evaluation. It doesn't include first-person plural words like “we,” it doesn’t include third-person pronouns like “he,” “she” or “they,” and it doesn't include the names of characters if they're used to address others. The bottom line: It shouldn't be taken as definitive, especially not without context from the movie.
What women talk about on screen has been the subject of interest for some time. In 1985, Alison Bechdel, a graphic artist, started talking about her criteria for watching a film. Now commonly called the Bechdel test, she said a film had to 1) feature two women characters who 2) talk to each other about 3) something other than a man. This analysis did not measure whether the best picture nominees passed the Bechdel Test, but it’s nonetheless an alternative way to measure women’s representation.
Looking at this data comprehensively — while taking into account the percent of words spoken by women, which films have a woman lead, the content of women’s dialogue and its relationship to their share of words — one film emerges as a standout.
And the Oscar for Most Woman-Driven Story goes to …
An image from the film "Sentimental Value."
(
MK2 Films
)
Directed by Joachim Trier, the Norwegian film Sentimental Value follows sisters Nora (Reinsve) and Agnes (Inga Ibsdotter Lilleaas) as they reunite with their estranged father, filmmaker Gustav Borg (Skarsgård). Elle Fanning also stars in a supporting role as actor Rachel Kemp. Aside from best picture, the film received eight other nominations.
Sentimental Value has the highest percentage of words spoken by women. It’s one of just three films with a woman lead. And women refer to themselves more than they refer to the characters they speak to.
It’s the only film where women speak the majority of words and where their word choice favors themselves.
How we got here
Sexism in Hollywood has been the subject of scholarly research, books and, yes, movies. Women are underrepresented in what’s known as “below-the-line” roles, as well as in top executive positions. While the #MeToo movement that called out powerful men in Hollywood led to some actions, change has been slow.
Carolyn Finger, a former media analyst at Variety and Luminate, said conversations around representation — like the #OscarsSoWhite social media campaign in 2015 — help to bolster change in the industry. But there’s still much work to be done.
“What I’ve observed is that when those conversations happen, there is incremental change, but it’s not often sustained change,” Finger said.
This dialogue analysis, she added, “look[s] at who literally has a voice.”
To be clear, the quantity of words spoken is just one measure. On screen, sometimes silence, an action or a particular facial expression carries a greater message than words could convey. And a male-driven story may still have strong, nuanced and well-written women characters.
What's next
Smith said that to create change, studios need to adopt more equitable hiring practices and ensure the films they produce reflect the people watching them.
The question of race and ethnicity
The lack of non-white nominees for the Academy Awards got intense attention in 2015, when the hashtag #OscarsSoWhite drew attention to longstanding underrepresentation of non-white nominees across all categories.
The Academy has since taken numerous steps to diversify its membership in the decade since. Still, the USC Annenberg Inclusion Initiative found that as of 2026, 6% of Oscar nominees have been from underrepresented racial groups. Less than 2% of nominees were women of color.
The most recent census data found the U.S. population was:
57.8% white
18.7% Hispanic
12.1% Black
5.9% Asian
4.1% two or more races
“If you’re a shareholder, if you go to the movies and buy tickets. If you support these companies by watching their shows, communicate back at what you’re not seeing and why that’s a problem,” Smith said.
Still, this year could be a potentially historic Oscars ceremony. The Annenberg Inclusion Initiative reported that a record-tying 33% of this year’s Oscar nominees are women. Hamnet director Chloé Zhao is the second woman, and first woman of color, to be nominated for best director twice. And if she wins, she’ll be the first woman to win best director more than once.
The 98th Academy Awards will take place 4 p.m. Sunday.
Keep up with LAist.
If you're enjoying this article, you'll love our daily newsletter, The LA Report. Each weekday, catch up on the 5 most pressing stories to start your morning in 3 minutes or less.
Monica Bushman
produces arts and culture coverage for LAist's on-demand team. She’s also part of the Imperfect Paradise podcast team.
Published March 13, 2026 5:00 AM
Conan O'Brien hosts the live ABC telecast of the 97th Oscars at the Dolby Theatre at Ovation Hollywood on March 2, 2025.
(
Trae Patton
/
AMPAS
)
Topline:
Want to watch the Oscars this weekend with other movie lovers, but don’t want to host a watch party yourself? Many Los Angeles bars and restaurants have you covered.
The details: The 98th Academy Awards are this Sunday, March 15. Hosted for the second time by Conan O'Brien, the show is airing on ABC and Hulu at 4 p.m. and there are lots of watch parties (some with Oscar ballot contests) happening in and around the city too.
Read on ... for a list of Oscar watch parties in L.A.
Wanna watch the Oscars this weekend with other movie lovers, but don’t want to host a watch party yourself? Many Los Angeles bars and restaurants have you covered.
While the fifth annual “Official” Oscars Watch Party held at The Academy Museum is sold out, there are still plenty of places showing the Academy Awards live. Here are a few to check out below:
(And when it comes to your Oscar ballot, LAist has you covered with expert predictions — and heated debates — from FilmWeek’s 24th annual Oscars Preview.)
Brazilian Oscars Watch Party
Sunday, March 15, 3 p.m. Dusty Vinyl 11326 W Pico Blvd., West L.A. COST: $50; MORE INFO
LAist events columnist Laura Hertzfeld suggests checking out this unique watch party: “Why not celebrate with the Brazilians and their nomination for (the excellent film) The Secret Agent? Dusty Vinyl is being turned into a 1977 secret-agent-themed hideout for the occasion, with a bespoke menu (food is included) and live music before the show starts; '70s costumes encouraged.”
The Hollywood Roosevelt’s Academy Awards Viewing Gala
Sunday, March 15, 3-10 p.m. The Hollywood Roosevelt 7000 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood COST: $375; MORE INFO
If you’re looking to splurge on a four-course dinner and get as close to the actual Academy Awards (held at the Dolby Theatre) as possible, the gala at The Hollywood Roosevelt is your spot. There’s also the added fun of watching the show in the ballroom where the very first Academy Awards were held in 1929.
Beers, Burgers and Best Picture
Sunday, March 15, 3:30 p.m. 33 Taps, all locations Culver City, Silver Lake, DTLA, WeHo COST: Free; MORE INFO
All 33 Taps sports bars will be showing the Oscars live on Sunday.
Oscars Watch Party at The Greyhound
Sunday, March 15, 4 p.m. The Greyhound Bar & Grill 5570 N Figueroa St., Highland Park COST: Free; MORE INFO
The Highland Park bar and grill will have an Oscar ballot contest with a $5 buy-in for a chance to win a cash prize.
Rooftop Red Carpet Dinner + Watch Party
Sunday, March 15, 2:30 p.m. Elevate Lounge 811 Wilshire Blvd., DTLA COST: $39; MORE INFO
If a “celebrity-style atmosphere” with a red carpet, rooftop views and 360 degree photobooth is what you’re looking for, Elevate Lounge has got you. Your VIP ticket includes complimentary hors d’oeuvres for the first two hours of the event from Takami Sushi & Robata.
Oscars Trivia + Screening Party
Sunday, March 15, 2 to 10 p.m. 2636 Huron St., Cypress Park COST: Free; MORE INFO
This trivia night, Oscar ballot contest and watch party is free, but formal attire is required. Trivia begins at 3 p.m., before the show starts.
Dinner in WeHo + the Oscars
Sunday, March 15, 4 p.m. La Boheme 8400 Santa Monica Blvd, WeHo COST: Free admission; MORE INFO
The West Hollywood Mediterranean restaurant will be showing the Oscars on their projector screen and offering Happy Hour specials all night (which they also offer every Monday-Thursday and Sunday).
Kevin Tidmarsh
is a producer for LAist, covering news and culture. He’s been an audio/web journalist for about a decade.
Published March 13, 2026 5:00 AM
Beverly Soon Tofu's original menu, shown here painted on this gourd, is on display at the Pio Pico-Koreatown Branch Library for the rest of March.
(
Kevin Tidmarsh/LAist
)
Topline:
Tien Nguyen, a food writer and Los Angeles Public Library creator in residence, has been digging through the library’s archives of restaurant menus from Koreatown to show the changes the neighborhood has been through over the decades.
One example: Nguyen points to a restaurant from the 1960s, called The Windsor. At the time it served mostly European dishes, like pasta. In the 1990s, however, under new ownership it became a Korean restaurant, called The Prince, which now offers comfort food favorites like bibim mandu and its signature Korean fried chicken.
How that reflects K-Town’s history: Nguyen ties the changes in menus to the passage of the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act, which allowed many more Koreans to emigrate to and settle in Los Angeles. It wasn’t long before local restaurants reflected the new demographic settling in the area.
See the menus: Nguyen will be presenting her talk “Menus as Neighborhood Maps: How Los Angeles Restaurant Menus Tell Stories of Community Formation” at 10:30am Saturday, March 14, at the L.A. Central Library’s Taper Auditorium.
To learn more about K-Town’s culinary history: Keep reading.
It’s hard to look at a restaurant menu without being able to order anything from it, but Tien Nguyen has made it her mission to do exactly that.
Nguyen, a food writer and Los Angeles Public Library creator in residence, has been digging through the library’s archives of restaurant menus, some of which go back to the early 1900’s. She’s specifically focused on the neighborhood we now know as Koreatown, and says tracing the evolution of dishes offered can help us understand its history.
“ L.A.'s Koreatown is a really great example of the ways we can look at menus and see how the neighborhood has changed over time,” she said.
She’s been sharing her research with the public, and will be giving a talk this Saturday at L.A. Central Library’s Taper Auditorium.
How restaurants reflect K-Town’s history
In the early 20th century, Koreatown was mostly known as Wilshire Center. Its Art Deco apartments were freshly built, and landmarks like the Ambassador Hotel were trendy spots for celebrities and dignitaries.
“There's one menu that I remember that is in honor of Albert Einstein and his wife Elsa, and you could see there was a big feast and banquet for them,” Nguyen said. “There were also menus for the king and queen of Greece.”
But soon after, other L.A. neighborhoods became in vogue and Koreatown hit a period of decline, even as high-rise buildings started to go up in the mid-20th century.
Following that, Koreatown started to take shape as into the diverse ethnic enclave it is today. Nguyen ties the changes to the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which removed the United States’ highly restrictive quotas on immigration from certain countries, especially those in Asia.
About the menus
Nguyen told LAist the menu of the Korean restaurant The Prince is one of the best examples of this evolution. The restaurant now offers comfort food favorites like bibim mandu and its signature dakgangjeong. But in the middle of last century, it was known as The Windsor, and offered European continental fare.
The Windsor's food offerings from 1958.
(
Courtesy Los Angeles Public Library
)
“ It looks like they have great cocktails, they have really great fresh fruit alongside steaks and all sorts of different types of pastas,” Nguyen said. “When I look at those menus, you do have a bit of FOMO, but at the same time, I also am a person of color. So there's also this recognition that maybe I wouldn't have been welcome in some of those spaces as well.”
In the 1990s, the space came under new ownership and became The Prince – a Korean restaurant that still preserves its Old Hollywood charm.
“The thing to get there really is the Korean fried chicken, the tteokbokki – the rice cakes – and the Korean pancakes,” Nguyen said.
Another example which shows the emerging Korean influence of the area comes from the restaurant Beverly Soon Tofu, which opened in 1986. The restaurant’s menu was painted onto gourds, one of which is currently on display at Koreatown’s Pio Pico Branch Library until the end of the month.
Nguyen, who co-authored a cookbook with Beverly Soon Tofu’s founder Monica Lee (not to mention twobooks written with Kogi’s Roy Choi), said the menu was inspired by Korean countryside decor.
Monica Lee of Beverly Soon Tofu, pictured soon after her restaurant's opening in 1986, along with a letter announcing the opening.
(
Kevin Tidmarsh/LAist
)
“ These dried gourds were also used as lanterns, so that was her inspiration for wanting to make it look like a menu, because her restaurant at the time was decorated kind of like a countryside restaurant,” she said.
As Korean-Americans settled in what Monica Lee called a sometimes “hot, busy and bothersome” city when she founded her restaurant in 1986, they shaped the neighborhood into the largest Koreatown in the United States – and also shaped the way Americans far and wide eat.
An translation of Beverly Soon Tofu's opening announcement.
(
Kevin Tidmarsh/LAist
)
“ You go to Trader Joe's, and there's that kimbap that was really popular for so many years,” Nguyen said.
Korean-Americans did this alongside many other immigrant populations that call Koreatown home – many of its strip malls represent cuisines from several different countries.
“What's kind of amazing about that to me is that it is something that feels natural,” Nguyen said. “ Koreatown has a large Oaxacan population, for example. It has a very big Bangladeshi population. And so all these foods, all these cultures, [mingled] together to create a food culture that I think is so distinctly Los Angeles.”
Nguyen also credited Korean restaurants with sourcing fresh ingredients locally – even though they aren’t as celebrated as other Californian restaurants for doing so.
How to attend the talk
Nguyen will give her talk “Menus as Neighborhood Maps: How Los Angeles Restaurant Menus Tell Stories of Community Formation” at 10:30am Saturday, March 14, at the L.A. Central Library’s Taper Auditorium.