The Brief

A landfill is a place of perpetual motion, where mountains of garbage rise in days and crews race to contain the influx of ever more trash. Amid the commotion, an invisible gas often escapes unnoticed, warming the planet and harming our health: methane.

On Thursday, the climate-data sleuths at Carbon Mapper published a study in Science that shows U.S. landfills emit methane at levels at least 40% higher than previously reported to the Environmental Protection Agency. At more than half of the hundreds of garbage dumps surveyed — in the largest assessment yet of such emissions — most of the pollution flowed from leaks, creating concentrated plumes. The researchers found these super-emitting points can persist for months or even years, and account for almost 90 percent of all measured methane from the landfills. Tackling these hotspots could be a huge stride toward lowering emission rates, but blindspots in current monitoring protocols mean they often evade detection.

“It’s a very hard problem to get totally right without any leaks at any place,” said Daniel Cusworth, an atmospheric chemist and project scientist for Carbon Mapper, a nonprofit that provides data to inform greenhouse gas reduction efforts. Sometimes Cusworth conducts aerial surveys of landfills and is relieved to find nothing. “And then other times, you know, I’ll see a massive billowing plume that’s three kilometers long.”

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas created by, among other things, decaying trash, and it often seeps through the soil and plastic covers meant to contain it. Although federal regulations require large facilities to use gas capture systems, landfills remain the third biggest source of these emissions in the United States, accounting for over 14 percent of the national total. Because methane is 84 times more powerful than carbon dioxide during its first 20 years in the atmosphere, scientists say reducing the amount of it floating around up there is the quickest way to curb global warming. Doing so also benefits communities: A disproportionate number of U.S. landfills are near marginalized neighborhoods, where gas exposure impacts health or poses an explosion risk.

Leaks that exceed the Clean Air Act’s limit of 500 parts per million are common, as shown by the hotspots Carbon Mapper identified. These areas typically appear after unanticipated events, such as cracks in landfill covers, valve failure in the vast gas collection systems, and other maintenance or construction issues. “They really dominated the total emissions for the landfill,” Cusworth said. The survey found that average release from the most surveyed sites was at least 1.4 times, and sometimes as much as 2.7 times, larger than those reported to the EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program.

Although federal guidelines require these facilities to track emissions and provide that data to the EPA, current reporting and monitoring methods just aren’t up to snuff, according to the study. Most operators report an estimate, using EPA guidelines, calculated from the amount of trash they take in, not from measured data. Regulators also require facilities to perform walking ground surveys four times a year, but experts like Cusworth say these efforts aren’t frequent or precise enough. Hotspots can easily escape notice because many areas are too dangerous or inaccessible to walk on, and monitoring sensors react only to high concentrations on the ground and wouldn’t catch dispersed plumes. “You can’t manage what you can’t measure,” said Cusworth, adding that it’s a popular cliche in the air monitoring business.

In the survey, the Carbon Mapper researchers flew over landfills with airplanes that captured infrared images, revealing the plumes. Similar remote sensing methods, such as drones and satellites, are among recent technological advances that could keep the pollutant in check, helping facilities find and address leaks quickly. Other innovations to methane capturing systems, such as self-calibrating caps on valves and sensors that can detect leaks, further reduce the risk of failures.

“In the waste sector, specifically, we know what technologies to implement – we’ve known for a number of years. They’re feasible, readily available, and a number of them are actually quite cost effective,” said Kait Siegel, waste sector manager on the methane pollution team at Clean Air Task Force. “We need to have regulations in place.” This upcoming August, the EPA is expected to update its landfill management policies as part of a required 8-year review cycle.

Tom Frankiewicz, a waste sector methane scientist at RMI, which collaborated with Carbon Mapper on the study, said addressing outsized methane sources, like landfills, is urgent due to the short lifespan and extreme potency of the gas, compared to the longer-lasting carbon dioxide. The world won’t see the climate benefits of reducing CO2 emissions for a century, he said. That time frame drops to a decade when curbing methane. “We have to be working on both, and leaning in on methane because it buys us time.” And in the race to mitigate climate change, every moment counts.

This article originally appeared in Grist at https://grist.org/science/us-landfills-emit-far-more-methane-than-previously-known/.

Grist is a nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future. Learn more at Grist.org

This story first appeared on The LA Local.

Los Angeles Police Commissioner Teresa Sánchez-Gordon is leaving the city’s police oversight body after saying she and her family received threats, she told The LA Local. This comes weeks after she stepped down as the commission’s president. 

At Tuesday’s meeting, a member of The LA Local’s Documenters program heard Sánchez-Gordon saying today was her last day to several police department employees. When asked for more information, she said she had experienced several incidents in which she and her family had been threatened but declined to specify the nature of the threats or who was responsible.

“I have to focus on my girls and their security and my security – it’s been very difficult,” Sánchez-Gordon told The LA Local. “I’m going to miss the commission. It’s very important work that we do.”

She declined to comment on her work during her time on the commission or whether any specific policy positions factored into the threats.

Mayor Karen Bass told The LA Local in a statement it was “appalling” that Sánchez-Gordon felt compelled to step down over safety concerns and thanked her for her service to the city. She said she was in contact with the commissioner and has asked the LAPD to further investigate the matter.

Sánchez-Gordon’s departure marks another surprise move during her nearly two-year tenure on the board, which is tasked with setting policy and providing oversight of the city’s police department. In April, she did not cite a reason when she stepped down as the commission’s president, while remaining on the board, after being in the leadership role for only a few months.

Sánchez-Gordon served during a turbulent period in the department’s history. Last year, first responders were challenged by the city’s devastating fires. More recently, the department has faced scrutiny over its role amid federal immigration enforcement actions and protests against them. 

In recent months, Sánchez-Gordon was among the commission’s most outspoken members during discussions about immigration enforcement policies and the department’s practices. 

At Tuesday’s meeting, commissioners heard presentations from immigrant rights advocates and police officials on how the department should respond to federal immigration enforcement. Sánchez-Gordon emphasized the importance of allowing immigrant advocacy groups to directly communicate their concerns to the commission.

During her final meeting, she also supported a recent City Council vote to ban pretextual stops by police.

LAPD did not respond to questions about if the threats were being investigated or if any arrests have been made.

The Police Commission’s spokesperson, Sarah Bell, also declined to provide details about the threats or if there are any outstanding safety concerns for the other commissioners. When asked how long Sánchez-Gordon had been planning to step down, Bell responded: “I have no idea.”

Mayor Karen Bass said no public servant should feel unsafe while doing their job, adding that while policy disagreements are part of democracy, “people’s homes and families are off limits.”

The mayor’s office typically has 45 days to appoint a replacement.

LA Documenter Martin Romero contributed reporting for this story. LA Documenters trains and pays LA residents to take notes at local government meetings around Los Angeles. You can find meeting notes and audio at losangeles.documenters.org

This story first appeared on The LA Local.

It started like a typical Sunday afternoon in Long Beach.

I took my regular African dance class with Ndella Davis-Diassy, then had some out-of-this-world barbecue at Chef Memo’s before ending my afternoon with a long walk along the coast with a friend.

As we walked and talked, we saw the usual suspects — abandoned toothbrushes, deodorant sticks and empty laundry detergent containers blowing like tumbleweeds. The cleaning products dirtying the stretch of sand didn’t make me want to put on my shoes, but the birds did.

“Is that a seagull?” I asked. It was dead. A few more steps and we saw a cormorant, one of those black, glossy birds that are always sunbathing with their wings out. Dead. A few more steps. Another seagull. Dead. More steps. Then another cormorant. Along a 1.5-mile stretch, I saw eight dead birds.

At first, I was sad. Then I was overwhelmed. But eventually, I got curious and decided to look into it.

Searching for answers

A dead bird lies on the beach near the Long Beach shore.

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Like any good millennial armchair detective, I started my investigation on Reddit. 

It was shocking to see that something was killing birds all along California beaches, from Orange County to San Diego and up the coast toward Ventura County and beyond. A user in Santa Barbara summed up the situation succinctly, if without proper grammar: “Was at Ellwood Beach yesterday, counted 14 dead birds, spaced about one every 30-40 feet.”

There was nothing specifically about Long Beach that I could find, though I did learn there’s a bar in Japan called “Little Long Beach” in the r/longbeach Reddit community.

Turning to an older technology, I dialed 310-514-2573, the number for International Bird Rescue, a nonprofit organization focused on saving seabirds. 

I got an answering machine with prerecorded instructions: If you see a bird that needs help, find a box, place the bird in the box, put a cloth over the bird, put the bird in a specific area and do not offer it food or water.

Next, I called the Long Beach Lifeguards Headquarters and spoke to someone on background — they weren’t authorized to speak to me — who told me finding dead birds was nothing new, but the number of dead birds they’re seeing was anything but normal. Then they told me I should talk to the people I called first, International Bird Rescue, because that’s who they called when they found 30 birds dead on the beach one day.

“30 birds!” I shouted back at them. “I know,” they said quietly. “It’s a lot of dead birds.”

But they didn’t have a clue what was causing it.

The man with the metal detector

A few days later, I went back to the scene of the crime — for lack of a better term — and saw a man with a metal detector scanning the sand along Long Beach City Beach.

I noticed a few things: He was built like a wrestler — tall and dense — and was wearing camouflage shorts, a matching hat and a white shirt and, this will be important later, he was not carrying a shovel.

He also told me the dead birds I saw were a drop in the ocean compared to what he’s been seeing lately. “Every time I go to a beach, I see about 10 dead birds. Maybe that’s natural, but I think it’s a lot.”

When he spots the birds, he doesn’t do what I do, which is gasp and move on. He puts on a pair of gloves and buries them with his hands. “You’ll never know it’s there. Unless your kids start digging in the sand,” he said.

The man with the metal detector declined to give me his name because he didn’t trust the media. But he did tell me the theory he had about how the birds died.

Across the ocean, about 2,000 feet in front of us, was an island with a beige concrete tower wrapped in blue lines. He pointed to it.

“That one, right in front of us. That’s an oil rig,” he told me. “All these islands out here that look all pretty are oil rigs.”

His theory is that oil is being pumped into the ocean and when seabirds dive for food, they get oil all over themselves. That’s why they wind up on the shore.

The THUMS theory

The man with the metal detector was pointing at the THUMS Islands, an acronym for Texaco, Humble, Union, Mobil and Shell.

In the 1960s, those five companies leased multiple oil fields together off the coast of Long Beach and produced 150,000 barrels a day at their peak. But recently, production shrunk from 15,000 to 8,000 barrels a day. The city of Long Beach is currently debating whether the islands should remain active oil islands or be converted into parks, research centers or boutique resorts.

“These birds were not oiled,” JD Bergeron, the CEO of International Bird Rescue, told me a few days later in a phone interview. Bergeron is based in the Bay Area, but his organization also has a wildlife center in San Pedro.

Around March 1, Bergeron and his team at International Bird Rescue started receiving four times the usual number of calls from residents across Southern California. They’ve all been about dead birds. He told me their helpline went from 10 calls a day about dead birds to 40.

“When the numbers start to come in more rapidly, we get nervous,” Bergeron said, adding that his organization is exploring several causes for the uptick in dead birds. But he reiterated that none of the dead birds had been covered in oil.

The man with the metal detector’s theory didn’t pan out. So I went back to the beach.

The trash theory

It started like a typical Sunday afternoon in Long Beach.

“I don’t know exactly why the birds are dying,” Long Beach resident Adam Novak told me. Novak has been walking the beach almost every day for 15 years. “I’m sure it’s probably eating the trash. It’s pretty dirty out here.”

I let Novak get on with his day and walked 1.5 miles from Junipero Beach to Rosie’s Dog Beach. I passed the Belmont Pier, the Belmont Plaza Pool and multiple moms with kids buying fruit in plastic containers and individually wrapped ice cream from various futeros and paleteros.

Along the shoreline, I stepped over every size of trash imaginable, from small salsa containers to an abandoned pair of mismatched white Pumas to a large black suitcase you would definitely have to check on an airplane. At one point, I spotted a dark figure 100 feet away floating in the water and debated whether it was a cute seal bobbing around or a mattress.

It was a mattress.

But Novak’s trash theory is not on International Bird Rescue’s list of causes to explore.

When one of the first carcasses was found this year, Bergeron said they had to rule out the worst-case scenario for the cause of death: bird flu. Bergeron compared bird flu to the COVID-19 pandemic. It’s highly contagious and incurable, and it was the reason egg prices increased back in 2024.

Thankfully, when the bird flu test came back, it was negative. Bergeron and his partners had to go back to the drawing board, but at least they could exhale.

The freak incident theory 

The next theory International Bird Rescue had to rule out was harmful algal blooms called red tide that are caused by fertilizer run off into the ocean. The fish eat the algae, and then the birds eat the fish, potentially causing the birds to die.

Red tide left a mark on a variety of marine animals along the coast in 2025 and was also visibly present in Long Beach in 2022. But Bergeron’s team wan’t able to link it directly to the surge in dead birds.

And there are other isolated accidents that Bergeron and his partners tried to rule out.

Back in 2021, a colony of about 10,000 beach birds nesting in Bolsa Chica was devastated when a drone crashed into them. According to Bergeron, International Bird Rescue was able to save 3,300 baby chicks. Many others didn’t make it.

But so far, they hadn’t found an isolated freak incident like that, which led Bergeron to his strongest theory: The birds are starving because of climate change.

What we know — and what we don’t

A bird soars near the Long Beach shore.

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Megan Tan

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For The LA Local

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According to the NOAA IEA Program, an oceanic heat wave known as “The Blob” has been present in the Pacific Ocean for the past seven years.

“The Blob” is a mass of water with elevated temperatures moving around the Pacific Ocean. Fish dislike warm water, so when “The Blob” moves into specific regions, fish either dive deeper into colder temperatures or move farther away into colder waters.

Even though Bergeron was hesitant to wholeheartedly point to “The Blob” as the single contributing factor, he admitted it outweighs all the others. “From my perspective, it’s hard to see any version of this in which the temperature of the water is not a factor.”

The truth is that there are currently no hard facts explaining what is causing dead birds to wash up along the coast of Long Beach and Southern California. But there is one fact that cannot be ignored: As we head into the summer months, when families and tourists flock to the beaches, the dead birds will be there. Some seen and some buried in the sand.

Maybe, then, the question isn’t what is causing their deaths, but who is responsible for cleaning them off the beach?

“I wish I had a good answer there,” Bergeron said. “I don’t think that there is necessarily anyone whose responsibility it is to pick up dead birds.”

Residents who see a dead bird can call City of Long Beach Animal Care Services at 562-570-7387. But someone there told me they consider “dead animal pick-ups an non-emergency.” It may take the city 24 to 72 hours to respond. By then, the tide may have shifted, and who knows where the dead bird will be. 

Or they can do what an unassuming retired man with a metal detector does: put on some gloves and dig.

The Las Vegas Sphere has become the highest grossing arena in the world since opening three years ago. It's featured residencies by legendary bands like U2 and Phish.

And now the Sphere is expanding — and reshaping what a live entertainment venue can be.

“All of that which is around you is being controlled and created by the artists and the people that are involved in the production,” said Joel Veenstra, chair of the Department of Drama and head of stage management at UC Irvine, who joined AirTalk, LAist’s daily news program.

The screen and the tech behind it

Phish perform during night three of their nine-night run at Sphere in April

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The creative outlet the Sphere provides artists is thanks to cutting-edge technology. The curved dome houses a 366-foot-tall and 516-foot-wide screen that resembles that of a planetarium, making it the largest high-resolution LED screen on earth.

Glen Nowak, professor of architecture at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, says Las Vegas is the pioneer of integrated resorts — mega buildings that blend concepts of casinos, restaurants, stores, and other amenities.

He says the Sphere is doing the same thing in the performing arts venue space.

“Typically, a stage is framed, and your attention is focused straight ahead, but the Sphere really inverts that,” he said.

Training the next generation

UC Irvine offers a themed entertainment and immersive entertainment class every three years as part of a graduate program. Some alumni of the program actually worked on the Sphere’s development.

“We look at the world and space with our design faculty and look at how we can prepare people for this field,” Veenstra said.

Experiences at the Sphere

LAist listeners shared what they experienced at the venue.

Phish perform during night three of their nine-night run at Sphere in April.

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Rich Fury / Sphere Entertainment

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The Sphere during UFC 306: Riyadh Season Noche

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Christian Petersen

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The Grateful Dead logo, Steal Your Face Skull, is displayed on the Sphere, promoting the residency.

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Kevin Carter/Getty Images

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Getty Images North America

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Taking the Sphere beyond Vegas

Sphere Entertainment Co., owned by business and sports mogul James Dolan, who most notably owns the New York Knicks and Madison Square Garden, plans to bring the Sphere concept to Washington, D.C. and Abu Dhabi, the company announced on its website.

“There's a lot of opportunity because people want an experience that's lived and feel something different than just staying at home on their screen,” Veenstra said. “It's kind of like what the theater has historically been, but now enhanced.”

To see a list of what events are coming up, here's the Sphere schedule.