The Brief

Wendy Tang pauses while presenting in front of class. It’s not an easy feat for anyone to speak in front of nearly 20 peers, even harder for someone whose primary language isn’t English. She laughs from embarrassment and discloses that she’s nervous.

Inspired by the “cajita” project, students have filled “sacred boxes” with significant personal belongings and artifacts that honor family struggles and triumphs.

This is the end of the unit on identity for the lowest credit language class for English learners at Mt. San Antonio College (Mt. SAC). These kinds of classes are meaningful for the students enrolled in them. They’re also in decline, as transfer reforms and other factors shape community college course offerings.

Giving voice to past and present

Tang moved from China to the U.S. on her own. Sharing various items with the class, she points to a small glass bottle containing blades of grass that she’s chosen to represent herself.

“I feel grass is the strongest plant because it doesn’t matter where you put the seeds. It doesn’t matter if there’s a lot of rain,” Tang said. “You just give them a little bit of sunshine and they will grow everywhere. Like the grass, you put me here, I can grow. You put me in another place and I can grow too.”

Students chose items to represent their past cultures, their adjustment to the U.S., and their futures. This project modeled sentipensante — a sensing, thinking approach to learning, professor and chair of Mt. SAC’s American Language program Elizabeth Casian said.

Their boxes are also informed by a True Colors personality test, which Casian uses to help students find more congruence between their values and lives.

Coming to the U.S. from another country is a chance to redirect one’s course, Casian said; immigrants who may have come from more collectivist cultures may not have pursued their individual dreams before, a defining characteristic of American culture.

A former student from Hong Kong told Casian that taking the personality test changed her life when she realized she was in the wrong career — banking. After getting encouragement from Casian, the student embarked on a career change.

Moving between countries and cultures

Through thoughtfully chosen objects, students shared a longing for family and friends, challenges they’ve faced, and changes in perspective. One student shared a picture from his brother’s birthday of them eating hot pot together, a reminder of his Chinese culture. Deanna Contreras brought a baseball hat from the Carl’s Jr. fast food restaurant chain. It represented her growing pains upon coming to the United States from Mexico.

“It was my first job here in the U.S.,” Contreras said. “It was really difficult because I was still learning. I didn’t know any English and a lot of people were mean.”

Referring to a U.S. dollar bill, the student Tang said that money has represented both her Chinese and American cultures. Her relationship toward money has changed. Once seen as an end in itself, she now sees money as a means for having life experiences.

Nguyen Huynh, who goes by Tom, poses by his cajita – a box that includes significant personal belongings and family artifacts that would be transported across borders. It includes a bottle of Vietnamese Chin-Su hot sauce that he attests can be used in every meal and a printed image of the “lady justice” which represents his future in America, where he plans to improve public safety as a police officer.

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Bonnie Ho

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“After coming to America, I tried to find life’s meaning. What’s the meaning for my life? Making money to buy a house — is that happy? Or is it making money so that I can go travel? The world is so big,” Tang said.

Another student from China, Wayne Wang, had a different perspective on money.

“My favorite perfume — Chanel!” Wang said, presenting the bottled fragrance to his class. Unabashedly laughing, he said it represents luxury and his love of money and beauty.

Across California, advancing in English more quickly 

Changes to English-as-a-second-language (ESL) credit courses have been underway since the implementation of Assembly Bill 705, which nominally took effect in January 2018 and aimed to get community college students to higher levels of math and English more quickly. For example, English-learners who graduated from high school in the U.S. who may have otherwise placed in a lower level of English in the ESL program now start at a higher level of college composition.

“It's now that we have to meet students where they are, whereas before, if you don't have these skills, then you need to get these skills in these lower level classes,” Casian said. “The reason why they pushed AB 705 through in the first place was that the more levels a student has to take, the more chances we have of losing them from college.”

Findings from a 2022 report by the Public Policy Institute of California on the early effect of AB 705 on credit-level English Second Language showed that colleges have been shortening ESL course sequences. Prior to the law, some colleges offered course sequences with as many as six levels or more. According to PPIC, in 2021, over half of colleges offered sequences of four levels or less, compared to just one-third in 2016.

Another consequence of AB 705 includes a decline in student enrollment at Mt. SAC’s American Language Program, according to Casian, who suggested that students may bypass the program for the English department. Casian said the COVID-19 pandemic and travel restrictions also contributed to the decline. Based on data provided by Mt. SAC, student enrollment for credit-level courses in the American Language Program declined substantially, from nearly 1,400 in 2018-2019 to less than half (just over 600) in 2022-2023. (Students may be counted more than once if enrolled in more than one course.)

One concern of the effect of AB 705 is placing students in classes before they’re ready. While getting English learners to higher levels faster is beneficial, Casian said there is still value in offering lower-level credit ESL courses where students can build foundational skills.

A cajita project box.

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Bonnie Ho

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“I think that's a testament to what is still needed,” said Casian, who pointed out that while recent legislation asserts all students have a right to take transfer-level courses, not everyone should start there.

Referring to her class, she said, “If you can imagine these students in English 1A [a freshman composition transfer-level class] with the skills that they have, that's not equitable. So that's why we're still here. We're here to provide equity. We're here to provide that support to get students from where they are, to that next level where they need to.”

Second chances and wanting to connect

Damayanthi Jesudason moved to the U.S. in 1996 in response to the Sri Lankan civil war. Over the years, Jesudason said she has not passed a number of English learner classes due to difficulty writing essays and understanding grammar. She said she was also identified as having a learning disability.

Her English language level has affected her regular interactions with others.

“Even when I say ‘vaccine’ at the pharmacy, they don't understand,” she said. “So it was really frustrating me, making me sad because the other person cannot understand my pronunciation. So I thought of coming to class. In that way, I can learn.”

Taking this class has been a way to improve and get closer to her goal of working with animals as a pet groomer. Jesudason recites the maxim “practice makes perfect.”

Another student who goes by the name Ryder Freeman has found it to be a safe haven, a place to make friends. Freeman moved to the U.S. in 2022 and said he is a political refugee from China.

Before taking this class, Freeman stayed home and didn’t know that many people.

“After I took this class, I met my classmates and made friends with them,” he said. “That's a big change to my life.”

Coming into the first major mayoral debate, Los Angeles city resident Sapna Suresh wanted to understand how the potential alternatives to incumbent Mayor Karen Bass diagnose the problems the city is facing.

For the three candidates who attended the debate Monday, one diagnosis was clear: L.A. isn’t the city it could be.

• Adam Miller, founder of a homelessness nonprofit and self-described lifelong Democrat, said the city is “broken,” physically and figuratively.
• Nithya Raman, an L.A. city councilwoman, said the city is “challenged.”
• Rae Huang, a Presbyterian minister, community organizer and member of the Democratic Socialists of America, said L.A. needs “new and fresh leadership.”

The candidates, among 40 to qualify for the June primary, answered questions about housing and transportation over the course of about an hour and a half in downtown L.A. The debate was organized by groups Streets for All and Housing Action Coalition. Streets for All founder Michael Schneider and Housing Action Coalition’s Southern California Director Jesse Zwick moderated.

Bass declined the invitation to participate. Spencer Pratt, another candidate surfacing high in polling, was invited but did not attend. The debate came on the heels of a poll released Sunday from UC Berkeley and the Los Angeles Times that showed her leading the crowded field, even while many voters say they view her unfavorably.

Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass delivers her State of the City address from City Hall in Los Angeles on April 15, 2024.

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The poll found Bass had about 25% of support from likely voters. Raman, who entered the race just two months ago, is polling at 17%. Pratt, a former reality TV star, has 14% of support from those polled. Huang and Miller are each polling below 10%.

Takeaways from attendees

Truman Segal and Jacob Wasserman, whom LAist interviewed together, said they admired Huang’s passion, grassroots campaign and community-focused policies.

Ultimately, Suresh, who'd come to hear the candidates take on the state of the city, left the debate feeling confident about her pre-existing preference for Raman.

Councilmember Nithya Raman photographed in her home.

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“She was able to identify the problem, diagnose it, articulate a vision for how she would solve it, and point to specifics she’s done in her legislative career,” Suresh said.

Annika Wines said she appreciated the values Huang shared, but concluded that she’s “running on buzzwords.”

“I felt Nithya was running on a campaign platform with actual realized goals … and an actual plan about how she was going to attain more affordable housing, more housing in general, safer streets, more access to transportation,” Wines said.

Watch the full debate

Top issues covered

Measure ULA

A majority of city voters in 2022 approved Measure ULA, which taxes high-value real estate sales. The goal of the tax, commonly referred to as the “mansion tax,” is to raise funds for renters’ aid and development of affordable housing, though studies from academics and researchers have shown it has reduced multi-family housing production in the city.

The tax has been a high-profile subject in L.A. City Council, which earlier this month voted to form an ad hoc committee to explore reforms to Measure ULA.

When asked about their positions on the initiative, Raman invoked the reforms she tried, but failed, to get on the June ballot. She argued those reforms, including an exemption from the tax on apartment buildings built in the last 15 years, would still retain most of the revenue funding for eviction defense and affordable housing production.

“This is where Nithya and I disagree greatly,” Huang said, alleging that Raman, in concert with Bass, is “dangling the idea that developers will get a tax break” and supported revisions to the law without community input.

Raman pushed back on Huang, saying she worked with the tax’s proponents, labor groups and developers to come up with reforms.

Rae Huang is among those running for mayor of Los Angeles

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Miller said the law needs to be “greatly reformed” and has caused developers to shy away from investing in the city.

LAX management

The candidates also differed on management of Los Angeles World Airports, the city agency responsible for LAX. The agency has been criticized for pursuing a major roadways project with one of the developers working on the embattled Automated People Mover, which has suffered years of delays and nearly a billion dollars in budget overruns.

Raman faulted “disinterest from the leadership in City Hall” for the issues facing Los Angeles World Airports and said she’d use her position as mayor to make changes to airport leadership when projects aren’t done on time.

Immediately, Huang asked why Raman hasn’t pushed for changes in her time on council.

Raman retorted with a list of initiatives she pushed “over the areas that [she has] real control over.” Raman, who heads the city council’s Housing and Homelessness Committee, specifically spoke about lowering annual rent increases.

Traffic fatalities

In 2025, 6% fewer Angelenos died in traffic fatalities than the year prior. Still, with 290 traffic deaths in the city last year, according to police data, L.A. is far from the goal it set a decade ago to reach zero such deaths.

When asked about their support for cameras that automatically issue tickets to drivers who run red lights, Huang was at first stumped but eventually said she doesn’t support technology that surveils the community.

Raman and Miller disagreed with Huang, saying L.A. should reinstate a red light camera program, which local leaders canceled back in 2011.

Tech entrepreneur Adam Miller is among those running for mayor of Los Angeles

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Courtesy Miller campaign

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“Speeding kills, and automated enforcement is one tool in our toolkit to be able to address this,” Raman said. “ I would make sure that any automated enforcement tool that we're using will not share data, will not add to surveillance, but merely increase safety, and that's totally possible to do.”

Housing crisis

All three of the candidates largely fell on the same page about:

• The need to increase housing production
• Shortcomings of Bass’ signature homelessness program, Inside Safe,
• The need to boost the budget for street and sidewalk-focused city departments.

Huang and Raman emphasized how they’d both use the city’s four Metro Board seats to shepherd through timely regional transit projects. Huang committed to appointing transit riders rather than politicians as decision makers for the countywide transportation agency.

“ We need to ensure that our Metro Board is going to be actually driven by people who ride it,” Huang said.

Huang and Raman both also emphasized the need for multi-year budget plans to ensure infrastructure projects have dedicated funding to get done.

Other topics covered include congestion pricing, Executive Directive One and LADWP-related housing delays. You can watch the entire debate here.

Where was Mayor Bass?

A Bass campaign spokesperson said last week that the mayor “can’t participate in every debate invitation” but is “eager to discuss her record of changing L.A. and her vision for the future of Los Angeles."

The spokesperson did not answer follow-up questions about the reason for Bass’ absence. A regular Friday email from Bass’ communications office that details the mayor’s public events said she would be traveling out of state Monday and returning Tuesday morning.

For debate attendee Mikey Reid, the mayor’s absence could be seen as a positive.

“ We want to have multiple candidates taking her to task for certain shortcomings, but I felt it ultimately worked in the candidates’ favor in a way that they were able to just articulate their vision without necessarily only centering it on negatives,” Reid said.

This story was originally published by CalMatters. Sign up for their newsletters.

California sued the Trump administration Monday to block what it says is an unprecedented power grab: using emergency authority to force the restart of an offshore oil operation shut down more than a decade ago.

The lawsuit, filed in federal court in San Francisco, argues a March 13 order by U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright oversteps his authority under the Defense Production Act, a Cold War-era law.

“No matter how much President Trump may claim there's a so-called national energy emergency — it's just not true,” Attorney General Rob Bonta told reporters. “The U.S. already produces significantly more oil and gas than we use — it's a completely fabricated claim intended to curry favor with the oil industry.”

The legal fight pits the Trump administration and Sable Offshore Corp. against California officials and environmental groups — and comes as fuel prices jump in the wake of the Iran conflict. Sable, which bought the system from ExxonMobil in 2024, has told investors that production could increase from about 30,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day to more than 50,000 if it restarts, sending oil to refineries in Los Angeles, Bakersfield and the Bay Area.

California argues the emergency powers law is meant to prioritize contracts during emergencies — not to override state law or force a pipeline restart. The state says the administration failed to meet the law’s basic requirements, including showing an actual energy shortage.

Wright’s order marked the most aggressive federal intervention yet in a yearslong dispute. A March 3 legal opinion from the U.S. Justice Department had laid the groundwork, concluding that the emergency order could preempt state law — and even override a 2020 federal consent decree requiring approval from the California State Fire Marshal before the pipeline can restart.

Environmental groups and experts have argued that forcing the pipeline back into production would not lower gasoline prices but would put coastal wildlife at risk and set a troubling precedent for federal power over state law. The Trump administration has long sought to expand offshore oil leasing along the West Coast, which has drawn fierce opposition in California.

Sable is facing mounting legal pressure on multiple fronts. In December, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration ruled that the infrastructure qualifies as an interstate pipeline and issued an emergency permit approving a restart plan — a move environmental groups and the state of California challenged. That case is pending before the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.

In February, a Santa Barbara County Superior Court judge ordered the pipeline to remain shut down, ruling that earlier federal intervention was not enough to override an injunction requiring Sable to obtain state approvals before restarting.

Representatives for Sable, the Energy Department and the U.S. Department of Justice did not immediately respond to requests for comment Monday.

This article was originally published on CalMatters and was republished under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license.

USC canceled a gubernatorial debate set to be held on March 24 after widespread claims that the debate purposefully left out candidates of color.

The USC Dornsife Center for the Political Future was organizing the debate, with ABC/KABC Los Angeles and Univision set to co-host and televise in both English and Spanish. Many of the Democratic candidates, including those who were invited, have been calling for the inclusion of all candidates regardless of their positioning in USC’s debate criteria formula.

"USC vigorously defends the independence, objectivity and integrity of USC Professor Christian Grose, whose data-driven candidate viability formula is based on extensive research and enjoys broad academic support,” said a USC statement sent to the media late Monday night. “At the same time, we recognize that concerns about the selection criteria for tomorrow’s gubernatorial debate have created a significant distraction from the issues that matter to voters.

“Unfortunately, USC and KABC have not been able to reach an agreement on expanding the number of candidates at tomorrow’s debate. As a result, USC has made the difficult decision to cancel tomorrow’s debate and will look for other opportunities to educate voters on the candidates and issues."

Controversy surrounding the debate began as early as March 16, when former Human and Health Services Secretary and candidate for governor Xavier Becerra sent letters to USC, ABC7 and Univision calling the debate criteria a “patently arbitrary, spontaneous qualification formula.”

The former California Attorney General took issue with no candidates of color being invited to participate, while a white candidate, San Jose Mayor Matt Mahan, was invited despite polling lower than Becerra and others.

The Democrats who were invited — Mahan, Rep. Eric Swalwell and former Rep. Katie Porter — all took to social media in the last week calling on USC to expand its debate to include all of the Democratic candidates.

Also invited to the debate were political commentator Steve Hilton and Riverside County Sheriff Chad Bianco, both Republicans who are polling fairly high.

Becerra took the debate cancellation as a win, saying in an X post late Monday night that “hopefully next time it’s done right.”

“Thank you to everyone who stood up, raised hell and demanded justice,” reads the post. “Never give up when you’re fighting for fairness!”

The Los Angeles Unified School District Board voted unanimously Tuesday to rename two campuses named after César Chávez by fall 2026 and to fund the removal of murals and any other commemorations of the disgraced labor leader at other schools.

A New York Times investigation published last week found Chávez sexually abused girls and women including United Farm Workers co-founder Dolores Huerta.

Board Member Kelly Gonez introduced the resolution.

“These heart-wrenching stories represent a betrayal for so many of us and yet they resonate with many survivors and many women who have experienced this as girls and in our adulthood including myself,” Gonez said through tears.

Board Vice President Rocío Rivas co-authored the resolution.

“This is not an easy moment, but it’s a necessary one,” Rivas said.

What comes next?

The board committed to working with the communities surrounding César Chávez Learning Academies in San Fernando and César Chávez Elementary School in El Sereno to identify new names that “reflect the District’s values of equity, justice, and community leadership.”

The district will also recognize March 31 as Farm Workers Day this year and in future calendars.

Read the resolution and go deeper to see how educators are responding to the allegations.